Chapter 27

The onset of anaphylaxis usually begins: within 60 seconds. within 5 minutes. after 10 minutes. within an hour.

within 60 seconds.

Calculating a dose of epinephrine for a 60 lb. (27.27 kg) child would result in providing the child how much medication? 0.1 mg 0.2 mg 0.3 mg 0.5 mg

0.3 mg

What is the preferred route and dose of epinephrine for adult suffering from an anaphylactic reaction? 0.3-0.5 mg SQ 0.3-0.5 mg IM 3-5 mg SQ 3.0-5.0 mg IV

0.3-0.5 mg IM

Which of the following mediators is responsible for many of the manifestations of anaphylaxis? Antibodies Basophils Macrophages Histamine

Histamine

What cells release histamine when they recognize antigen-antibody complexes? Mast cells Helper T cells Antigens Lymphocytes

Mast cells

A foreign substance that elicits the response of the immune system is called: histamine. antigen. antibody. stimulant.

antigen.

If a patient is apparently unresponsive and not breathing, immediately check for a pulse. If you do not detect a pulse, within how many seconds should you begin chest compressions and applyan AED? 5 10 15 30

10

When reassessing a patient after administering epinephrine, be aware that when given intramuscularly the duration of this medication is about: 5 -10 minutes. 10 - 20 minutes. 20 - 30 minutes. an hour.

10 - 20 minutes.

Which medication would be the BEST choice for reducing the bronchospasm and laryngeal edema associated with anaphylaxis? Solu-Medrol Oxygen Albuterol Dexamethasone

Albuterol

You respond for a patient showing signs of anaphylaxis. During your history, you discover that she has just starting taking Vasotec for hypertension. Which of the following should you suspect? An immediate hypersensitivity response Angioneurotic edema An anaphylactoid reaction An IgE mediated allergic reaction

An anaphylactoid reaction

Which of the following is a potentially life-threatening condition involving the head, neck, face, and upper airway? Hives Wheals Urticaria Angioedema

Angioedema

Your patient is having a reaction after taking a new ACE inhibitor for hypertension. Which of the following would you MOST likely see? Angioedema Hypertension Diaphoresis Hyperthermia

Angioedema

Which of the following signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction would be considered anaphylaxis? Nausea Increased peristalsis Scattered wheezing Cyanosis and respiratory distress

Cyanosis and respiratory distress

Your patient is a 23-year-old man who was complaining of shortness of breath following a bee sting. He is audibly wheezing and his respiratory rate is 22 breaths per minute. His skin is cool and clammy and he is tachycardic. What is the primary drug used to treat this patient? Atropine Epinephrine Diphenhydramine Albuterol

Epinephrine

You are responding to a patient who has a weepy rash that itches intensely. She states that a couple of days ago she cleaned out a wooded area behind her home. How should you manage this apparent allergic reaction? Provide oxygen via NRB and 100 mg of Benadryl IM. Benadryl IV and 0.3 mg of 1:1000 epinephrine. Benadryl and 0.5 mg of 1:10,000 epinephrine. None of these are appropriate treatments.

None of these are appropriate treatments.

What is the role of diphenhydramine in anaphylaxis? Relaxes the smooth muscle in the lungs Causes constriction of peripheral blood vessels Reduces wheezes in the upper airways Prevents histamine from binding to histamine receptors

Prevents histamine from binding to histamine receptors

Which of the following is usually associated with an anaphylactoid reaction? Radiological dyes Shellfish Tree nuts Latex exposure

Radiological dyes

Which of the following is your FIRST priority when responding to the scene of a patient complaining of anaphylaxis? Scene safety Respiratory support Airway maintenance Fluid resuscitation

Scene safety

Upon examining the patient, you notice that this 45-year-old man is exhibiting inflammation of the skin and blood vessels. What autoimmune diseases might this individual be experiencing? Rheumatoid arthritis Psoriasis Scleroderma Systemic lupus erythematosus

Scleroderma

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding autoimmune disease? Type 1 diabetes is a well-known autoimmune disease. The immune system fails to recognize its own cells and destroys them. Graves' disease is a common form of collagen vascular disease. There is a marked decrease in production of bone marrow cells.

The immune system fails to recognize its own cells and destroys them.

What is an unfortunate side effect of the treatment for autoimmune disease? Patients often develop peripheral neuropathy. The patient has a dramatic increase in red blood cells. The patient is less able to fight infectious diseases. Patients experience increased gastrointestinal motility.

The patient is less able to fight infectious diseases.

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding corticosteroids? They impair the body's ability to respond to disease. They increase the number of red blood cells produced. They suppress cancer cell reproduction. They lower the body's risk for infection.

They impair the body's ability to respond to disease.

Which sign associated with an allergic reaction should concern a caregiver the MOST? Wheezing Warm, flushed skin GI distress Urticaria

Wheezing

Patients with an allergic reaction that produces mild to moderate wheezing without airway swelling or hypotension may be best served by receiving: oxygen. an albuterol treatment. IV fluids. a blood transfusion.

an albuterol treatment.

Diphenhydramine is administered in anaphylaxis because it: blocks histamine receptors. causes vasoconstriction. treats bronchospasm. relaxes smooth vessels.

blocks histamine receptors.

All of the following are signs or symptoms of histamine release EXCEPT: constriction of bronchioles. decreased vascular permeability. edema in the airway. peripheral vasodilation.

decreased vascular permeability.

An allergic reaction, as contrasted with an anaphylactic reaction will: have a more rapid onset with more serious symptoms. require fluids to support blood pressure. have a more gradual onset with milder symptoms. present a patient with an altered mental status.

have a more gradual onset with milder symptoms.

Fluid released from leaky capillaries as a result of histamine results in: mottling. eczema. hypersensitivity. hives.

hives.

Your patient is experiencing profuse hives, itching, dyspnea, coughing, tachycardia, and dizziness after eating seafood five minutes ago. You might also expect to see all of the following additional signs EXCEPT: cyanosis. laryngeal edema. bronchospasm. hypertension.

hypertension.

Sensitization is defined as: an exaggerated response to a particular antigen. the cascade of events that occurs following activation by a foreign substance. the primary exposure of an individual to an antigen. the manifestation of severe, systemic effects of a histamine release.

the primary exposure of an individual to an antigen.