Chapter 29 Biology 1407

How are bryophytes and seedless vascular plants alike?

In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about plant reproduction?

Male and female bryophytes each produce a type of gametangia.

How could you determine if a plant is heterosporous?

Male and female reproductive structures are located on separate plants.

Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"?

Plantae

Stomata

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

Select the correct statement contrasting gametophytes and sporophytes.

Sporophytes are diploid, whereas gametophytes are haploid.

Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit?

The ancestors of land plants, green algae, lacked the structural support to stand erect in air.

Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss gametophytes and their structure?

They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere.

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as the Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common?

They require water for reproduction.

Which of these represents the sporophyte generation of the moss life cycle?

This is the young diploid sporophyte.

In seedless plants, a fertilized egg will develop into __________.

a sporophyte

Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants _____.

allows it to be nourished by the parent plant

Which of the following environmental factors probably helped early plants to successfully colonize land?

an increased availability of symbiotic partners

Spores and seeds have basically the same functiondispersalbut are vastly different because spores ________.

are unicellular; seeds are not

Seedless plants include _____.

bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails

The closest algal relatives of land plants are _____.

charophytes

Which of these characteristics is shared by algae and seed plants?

chloroplasts

The conspicuous part of a fern plant is a _____.

diploid sporophyte

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. Investigation of its anatomy and life cycle shows the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte, and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to ________.

ferns

During the Carboniferous period, forests consisting mainly of _____ produced vast quantities of organic matter, which was buried and later became coal.

ferns and other seedless plants

If humans had been present to build log structures during the Carboniferous period (they were not), which plant types would have been suitable sources of logs?

ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes

As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to see a _____.

gametophyte of a moss

The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _____.

green algae

Arrange the following terms from most inclusive to least inclusive.

green plants, embryophytes, tracheophytes, seedless vascular plants, ferns

According to the fossil record, plants colonized terrestrial habitats _____.

in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil

In which combination of locations would one who is searching for the gametophytes of "flower of stone" have the best chance of finding them?

in shady, moist places and underground, nourished there by symbiotic fungi

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it _____.

is surrounded by a cuticle

What feature of both true mosses and ferns makes it most surprising that they can survive for many generations in dry deserts?

lack of cuticle

What evolutionary development allowed plants to grow tall?

lignified vascular tissue

Microphylls are found in which plant group?

lycophytes

Which set contains the most closely related terms?

megasporangium, megaspore, egg, ovule

In mosses gametes are produced by _____; in ferns gametes are produced by _____.

mitosis ... mitosis

Where do fern antheridia develop?

on the underside of the gametophyte

The diploid generation of the plant life cycle always _____.

produces spores

Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline is most analogous to a human ________.

putting more red blood cells into circulation when oxygen availability declines at high elevations

At some time during their life cycles, bryophytes make _____.

sporangia

In contrast to bryophytes, in vascular plants the dominant stage of the life cycle is the _____.

sporophyte

Which of these are spore-producing structures?

sporophyte (capsule) of a moss

Which of the following traits was most important in enabling the first plants to move onto land?

the development of sporopollenin to prevent the desiccation of zygotes

What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land?

waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves