Chapter 3

Abuse of highly dependent elders by their children, due to the children increasingly becoming unable to care for the elders, is explained by ___.

c. the caregiver stress view

Crime career costs are ___.

c. the imputed value of money an individual loses by engaging in crime rather than in legal activities

Which of the following on its own, can likely serve to reduce the chances for victimization in a public space, as outlined by routine activities theory? (You Decide)

c. the presence of uninformed law enforcement officers

Why do fraudsters often target the elderly?

d. The elderly are seen as easy targets.

What is the importance of a victim impact statement (VIS) in distributing justice to an offender?

d. They allow victims to recount the ordeal, which can be used to influence sentencing.

Under lifestyle theory, which of the following persons would be highly susceptible to victimization?

d. a young male who typically skips school to partake in substance abuse with others

Which of the following would increase the risks of victimization in an upscale neighborhood, under routine activities theory?

d. long response times by a small, ineffectual police department

Which of the following scenarios would increase the chances of an individual being victimized as a result of passive precipitation?

a. An individual enters an establishment that is frequented by a racial group at odds with the individual's racial group.

What is the role of parent incarceration in factoring the cost of victimization?

a. It can create additional costs and victimization of families, due to the effects of parental absence.

How does the transformative effect of early victimization impact young victims?

a. It makes young victims highly susceptible to entering into abusive adult relationships.

In which of the following situations would violent victimization more likely occur?

a. a nighttime robbery in a secluded part of a city

How can an individual living in a crime-ridden neighborhood rationally avoid victimization, under deviant place theory?

a. move to a safer neighborhood

Routine activities theory postulates that crime is related to the daily actions of individuals, and that they become suitable targets because their actions are predictable to offenders. This relates to the victim in the video who was at his place of work when the shooting happened. Which of the following is NOT one of the three factors of routine activities theory? (Video Case)

a. tools and techniques

Though the advocate emphasized one type of cost to the victim and their family, which of the following are the correct four costs associated with victimization? (Video Case)

a. victim, criminal justice system, crime career, and intangible costs

How are lifestyle theory and victim precipitation theory similar to each other?

b. Both focus on the behaviors and actions of the potential victims in encouraging victimization.

Which of the following can be explained by the cycle of violence?

b. Children who are abused increasingly engage in crimes as they mature.

What is the importance of a Victims' Bill of Rights, which most states now have?

b. It allows those victimized to be alerted and aware of criminal proceedings against an offender.

How can victimization typically lead to criminality?

b. It can encourage negative behaviors that are meant to alleviate stress and anger.

A typical male is most likely to be victimized by ___.

b. a person they do not know

Which of the following can be considered an example of target hardening?

b. a restaurant owner installing deadbolt locks on the doors to the business

What demographic change could likely result in higher household victimization rates in the United States?

b. increasing urbanization

According to victim precipitation theory ___.

b. it is sometimes the victim that provokes the offender

Which of the following represents victimization by the justice system?

b. police questioning a rape victim and insinuating that the victim was at fault

The wife discusses how her husband struggled after the incident, even though he was not personally victimized physically. Which term describes the fear individuals can have when they are exposed to violence though NOT directly harmed by it? (Video Case)

b. vicarious fear

In which of the following scenarios would an innocent be at greatest risk for victimization, under deviant place theory? (You Decide)

c. A young female in expensive clothing accidentally exits a bus in a crime-ridden neighborhood.

How do victim costs differ from intangible costs?

c. Victim costs can be financially estimated.

What contributes to target gratifiability that can encourage victimization?

c. a victim who routinely displays material wealth

Under the concept of deviant place theory, victimization primarily occurs as the result of ___. (You Decide)

c. an individual being in a high-risk location

Restitution agreements are ___.

c. conditions of probation for an offender

The state providing funds to a victimized individual to pay for damages associated with a crime is known as victim ___.

d. compensation

Due to a bus breakdown, a schoolchild is forced to walk along through a typically safe neighborhood to get home. The student falls prey to delinquents, who target him because he is wearing an expensive watch. This instance of victimization is best explained by ___. (You Decide)

d. passive precipitation

As a victim, which of the following rights would the husband have? (Video Case)

d. to be present at criminal justice proceedings, to be consulted before a case is dismissed or a plea agreement is entered, and to a speedy trial

In most states, the status of sex offenders is now made public. Why?

d. to let the public know the identity and the whereabouts of sex offenders

Which of the following is NOT a component of lifestyle theory of victimization, though it was where the victim was at the time of the shooting? (Video Case)

d. work lifestyle