Chapter 3
Sleep totals for newborns are very variable and can range from ___ to ___ hours per day
10 to 21
Regarding changes in the cardiovascular system during Middle adulthood, blood pressure tends to rise in the ______ and _______.
40's, 50's
A structure that is beneath the cortex and plays an important role in emotions.
Amygdala
Responsible for 80% of the brain's volume and is critical in perception, thinking, and language, among other functions.
Cerebral Cortex
The top portion of the brain, farthest from the spinal cord
Forebrain
A key structure deep in the brain that is especially important in memory and emotion.
Hippocampus
What is the name of the syndrome that includes obesity, hight blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes?
Metabolic syndrome
What period of adolescence involves rapid hormonal and bodily changes?
Puberty
Shaken baby syndrome causes ______ swelling and hemorrhaging.
brain
The biological theory of aging in which aging results in cells becoming less capable of dividing and telomeres becoming shorter, is known as the ______ ______ theory.
cellular clock
A ________ is a person who is 100 years or older.
centenarian
The ________ pattern of growth is reflected in the fact that infants can see an object before they can control their torso.
cephalocaudal
The term _______ is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines.
climacteric
While cholesterol levels are influenced by heredity, they can be reduced through ______ and _______.
diet, exercise
In order to slow the decrease in muscle mass and improve appearance, older adults should _____ and lift weights.
exercise
The term life ____ describes the number of years that an average person born in a specific year will most likely live.
expectancy
The biological theory of aging in which aging occurs because cells produce unstable oxygen molecules that damage DNA is known as the ______ ______ theory.
free radical
The name of the disorder in which the pituitary gland does not produce enough of the hormone needed to stimulate body growth is:
growth hormone deficiency
Cholesterol levels are influenced by _______.
heredity
In which regions of the brain have researchers discovered that neurogenesis occurs? The __________ and the ______ _______.
hippocampus, olfactory bulb
The biological theory of aging in which aging lowers resistance to stress and disease is known as the ______ ______ theory.
hormonal stress
Periods of elevated body temperature that cause a woman to sweat and feel feverish during menopause are called _______ _______.
hot flashes
The average American adult gets ___ hours of sleep at night.
just under 7
The specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other is called _____.
lateralization
The term ______ refers to the maximum number of years that an individual can live.
life span
The onset of a girl's first period is commonly referred to as _______.
menarche
The biological theory of aging in which aging is caused by the decay of tiny cellular bodies that supply energy for function, growth and repair is known as the _________ theory.
mitochondrial
The process of encasing axons in a layer of fat cells, which helps increase the speed and efficiency of information processing is _______.
myelination
The process of encasing axons with a myelin sheath, which helps increase the speed and efficiency of information processing, is known as ____________.
myelination
The generation of new neurons in the brain is known as ___________.
neurogenesis
The ________ growth pattern involves the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities.
proximodistal
Most adolescents get too little sleep during the week, which creates a ______ that they try to make up on the weekend.
sleep debt
DNA sequences that cap (and are located at the tip of) chromosomes are _______.
telomeres
A higher concentration of _____ in boys leads to the development of genitals, a change in the voice, and an increase in height.
testosterone
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) usually happens during:
the night
