chapter 3

A nation's flag is:

a symbol

Define language

a symbolic system of communication

define sanctions in your own words

a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors

Define social control in your own words

a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms

which of the following is not an example of an ethnocentric perspective

a woman from saudi arabia decides that she does not agree with her family's plan for an arranged marriage after visiting europe and viewing the prevalent tradition of choosing a marital partner

define culture shock in your own words

an experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life

Define informal norms in your own words

casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to

a sociologist conducts research into the ways that hispanic american students are historically underprivileged in the U.S. education system. What theoretical approach is the sociologist using?

conflict theory

which of the following statements does not accurately exemplify the relationship between material and nonmaterial culture

freedom and democracy in the US are aspects of material culture, while the american flag is an aspect of nonmaterial culture

the "American Dream" - the notion that anybody can be successful and rich if they work hard enough - is most commonly associated with which sociological theory

functionalism

what theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts

functionalism

define symbols

gestures or objects that have meanings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture

telecommuting in lieu of working from a primary location. This broadening of the job market and the way that jobs are performed can be attributed to

gloablization

define countercultures in your own words

groups that reject and oppose society's widely accepted cultural patterns

define subcultures

groups that share a specific identification, apart from a society's majority, even as the members exist within a larger society

what is the main distinction between high culture and popular culture

high culture appeals to members of the upper class and intellectuals, while popular culture elements are mainstream and appeal to all segments of a population

All of the following characteristics are associated with high culture, except:

mainstream society

define popular culture in your own words

mainstream, widespread patterns among a society's population

Define cultural universal in your own words

patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

define society

people who live in a definable community and who share a culture

Cultural sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society:

regulates behavior

which of the following examples illustrates the role of cultural lag in culture change

roger's grandson has shown him how to enroll in an online bill payment system so that his bills are paid automatically each month from his checking account. Roger is no comfortable with the process of paying his bills online, and continues to receive paper bills in the mail each month and mail checks for his payments

The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by:

sapir-whorf

define high culture in your own words

the cultural patterns of a society's elite

Define cultural imperialism

the deliberate imposition of one's own cultural values on another culture

define cultural lag in your own words

the gap of time between the introduction of material culture and non material culture's acceptance of it

Define culture lag in your own words

the gap of time between the introduction of material culture and nonmaterial culture's acceptance of it.

define nonmaterial culture in your own words

the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society

define globalization in your own words

the integration of international trade and finance markets

Define mores in your own words

the moral views and principles of a group

Define material culture in your own words

the objects or belongings of a group of people

Define cultural relativism in your own words

the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and not in comparison to another culture

Define ethnocentrism

the practice of evaluating another culture according to the standards of one's own culture

Define Xenocentrism

the preference for the products, styles, or ideas of someone else's culture rather than of one's own

Define diffusion in your own words

the spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one culture to another

define ideal culture in your own words

the standards a society would like to embrace and live up to

which of the following is an example of pop cultre

a new york mets game

which of the following is not an example of a way in which a society works to achieve social control

a child learns to always put her napkin in her lap when she eats a meal by watching others

define inventions in your own words

a combination of pieces of existing reality into new forms

which of the following statements accurately describes the way in which subcultures and countercultures differ

a counterculture is a type of subculture that may actively defy larger society by developing its own set of rules and norms by which to live

Define values in your own words

a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society

the ku klux klan is an example of what part of culture

counterculture

Your eighty-three-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep in touch, you frequently send emails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every email to respond point by point, but she has never emailed a response back. This can be viewed as an example of:

cultural lag

the terms ______ and ___________ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them

culture and society

Rodney and Elise are U.S. students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodney's host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. This is an example of:

culture shock

which of the following statements is true

death rituals are an example of cultural universalism because they can be found din all societies around the world

That McDonald's is found in almost every country around the world is an example of:

diffusion

define folkways in your own words

direct, appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of culture

the major difference between invention and discovery is

discovery involves finding something that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way

an example of high culture is __________, whereas an example of popular culture would be _____________.

dostoevsky style in film, "american idol" winners

Define formal norms in your own words

established, written rules

all of the following are examples of formal norms. except:

forming a line when waiting to make a purchase at the grocery store

the main difference between material and non-material culture is that

material culture refers to all tangible objects that are part of a culture, while non-material culture refers to ideas, attitudes, and beliefs

which of the following statements about culture would most likely be made by a conflict theorist

members of a society with less power have a more difficult time adapting to cultural change than members of society with more power

which of the following is not an example that shows an aspect of culture

members of an amazonian tribe inhabit a small village in brazil

the biggest difference between mores and folkways is that

mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to begin commonplace within a culture

define innovations in your own words

new objects or ideas introduced to a culture for the first time

the american flag is a material object that denotes the US of America. However, there are certain connotations that many associate with the flag, like bravery and freedom. In this example, what aspect of culture do bravery and freedom represent?

nonmaterial culture

Behavioral guidelines are generally synchronous with social ideals. Another way of saying this is that __________ are usually reflective of ___________

norms, values

which of the following is not an example of an innovation

overuse of resources cause rising fuel prices, increased air pollution and traffic jams

define culture in your own words

shared beliefs, values, and practices

social norms, both formal and informal, and social sanctions, are two of the main things that inform ________, otherwise known as a way to encourage social conformity

social control

modern day hipsters are an example of

subcultures

what is the primary difference between subcultures and countercultures

subcultures coexist with the larger culture whereas countercultures reject the values of the dominant culture

the occupy wall street movement of 2011 grew to be an international movement........

symbolic interactionism

which of the following expresses the significance of symbols to a culture

symbols help people understand the world by providing clues to understanding experiences, which are conveyed by recognizable meaning that are shared by societies

define beliefs in your own words

tenets or convictions that people hold to be true

define norms in your own words

the visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured

define real culture in your own words

the way society really is based on what actually occurs and exists

Define Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

the way that people understand the world based on their own form of language

which of the following explains the role of innovation, invention and discovery in culture

their adoption reflects (and may shape) cultural values, and their use may require new norms for new situations

define discoveries in your own words

things and ideas found from what already exists

which of the following is an example of sapir whorf hypothesis

tribal people living in an isolated region have no vocab word for "war". They have never participated in a war

Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Likewise, most cultures recognize music in some form. Music and laughter are examples of:

universalism

the term that denotes a preference for the products, styles, or ideas of someone else's culture rather than one's own is ________. This is the opposite of ____________, which refers to evaluating and judging another culture based on how it compares to one's own cultural norms

xenocentrisim, ethnocentrism

the preference for the products, styles, or ideas of someone else's culture rather than of one's own is called

xenocentrism