Chapter 3- Biopsychology Quiz Review

Of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 36.8% were likely to develop schizophrenia; of adoptees whose mothers did not have schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 5.3% were likely to develop schizophrenia. What is the most appropriate conclusion of these results?

Environmental factors and genetic factors interact to determine whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors

Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Wernicke's area

During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?

adrenal

The ________ is involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories.

amygdala

________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.

beta-endorphin

Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the ________ that contributes to certain behaviors.

biology

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

central; peripheral nervous systems

The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.

cerebellum

A ________ scan involves taking a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person's body or brain

computerized tomography (CT) scan

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for _______

depression

________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.

dopamine

________ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.

electroencephalography (EEG)

Diabetes is a(n) ________ disorder because insulin is a ________.

endocrine; hormone

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

evolution by natural selection

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.

limbic system; emotional

Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance.

neurotransmitter

The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.

pituitary

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic

The space between two neurons is called the ________

synapse

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing _______

temperature, touch, and pain

Considerable debate occurs regarding the use of anabolic steroid drugs like ________ in professional athletes and bodybuilders.

testosterone

A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives.

genetics

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

homeostasis

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.

hormones

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

positron emission tomography (PET)

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

range of reaction

Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?

smell

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

somatic