Chapter 3 federalism

block grants

federal grants-in-aid that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius

-democratic mandate -Obama Care

commerce clause

Article 1, Section 8, of the constitution, which delegates to Congress the poor "to regulate commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States and with the Indian tribes"; this clause was interpreted by the Supreme Court in favor of national power over the economy

Briefly explain the difference between block grants and categorical grants.

Block grants are federal grants-in-aid that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent. Categorical grants are given to states and localities on the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by law.

The Supreme Court has allowed each state to interpret the 14th Amendment as is pertains to the tight for same-sex marriage.

False

Explain the difference between layer-cake federalism and marble-cake federalism.

Layer-cake federalism is where the responsibilities of the national government are separated from the state government clearly. Also known as dual federalism. Marble-cake federalism is where national polices, state polices, and local policies overlap in many areas. Also known as cooperative federalism.

In Franklin D Roosevelt's "New Deal" policy, programs such as the Works Progress Administration was responsible for construction highway, bridges and public parks.

True

Nations with diverse ethnic or language groupings, such as Switzerland and Canada, are most likely to have federal arrangements or federal systems.

True

Sanctuaries include cities, counties and states which choose to limit cooperation with national government enforcement of immigration laws.

True

The United States was the First Nation to adopt federalism as its governing framework.

True

unitary system

a centralized government system in which lower levels of government have little power independent of the national government

devolution

a policy to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government, such as from the national government to the state and local governments

federalism

a system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, between a central (national) government and regional (state) governments

federal system

a system of government in which the national government shares powers with lower levels of government such as states

cooperative federalism

a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities(without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals; also known as "intergovernmental cooperation"

In which case did the Supreme Court create the potential for increased national power by ruling that Congress could use the necessary and proper powers broadly? a) United States v. Lopez b) Printz v. United States c) Loving v. Virginia d) McCulloch v. Maryland e) Gibbons v. Ogden

a) United States v. Lopez

The relationship between the states and the national government from 1789 to 1937 is known as __________? a) dual federalism b) regulated federalism c) states' rights d) cooperative federalism e) New Federalism

a) dual federalism

New Federalism

attempts by presidents Nixon and Reagan to return power to the states through block grants

concurrents powers

authority possessed by both state and national governments, such as the power to levy taxes

When states and local governments must conform to costly regulations or conditions in order to receive grants but do not receive reimbursements for their expenditures form the federal government it is called _________? a) states' rights b) block grants c) general revenue sharing d) an unfunded mandate e) redistributed programs

b) block grants

Which term describes the division of powers between the national government and the state government? a) separation of powers b) federal system c) checks and balances d) expressed powers e) implied powers

b) federal system

The Supreme Court's decision in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sibelius was significant because___________? a) it affirmed the federal government's absolute power to impose all-or-nothing conditions on state governments attempting to receive federal funding. b) it limited the federal government's power to impose all-or-nothing conditions on state governments attempting to receive federal funding. c) it struck down the individual mandate of the Affordable Care Act as a violation of the interstate commerce clause. d) it eliminated the federal government's ability to provide subsidies for health insurance coverage. e) it invalidated the educational standards and testing requirements imposed by the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act.

b) it limited the federal government's power to impose all-or-nothing conditions on state governments attempting to receive federal funding

The principle that allows the federal government to take over areas of regulation formerly overseen by states or local governments is called __________? a) regulated federalaism b) preemption c) devolution d) "layer cake" federalism e) exemption

b) preemption

Which amendment to the constitution stated that the powers not delegates to the national government or prohibited to the states were "reserved to the states"? a) First Amendment b) Fifth Amendment c) Tenth Amendment d) Fourteenth Amendment e) twenty-sixth Amendment

c) Tenth Amendment

A state government's authority to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens is frequently referred as ____________? a) the reserved power b) the expressed power c) the police power d) the concurrent power e) the implied power

c) the police power

To what does the term NEW FEDERALISM refer ________? a) the era of federalism initiated by President Roosevelt during the late 1930s. b) the national government's regulation of state action through grants-in-aid. c) the type of federalism that uses categorical grants to influence state action. d) efforts to return more policy-making discretion to the states through the use of block grants. e) the recent emergence of local governments as important political actors.

c) the type of federalism that uses categorical grants to influence state action

categorical grants

congressional grants given to states and localities on the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by law

The process of returning more of the responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level is known as __________? a) dual federalism b) devolution c) preemption d) home rule e) incorporation

d) home rule

Many states have amended their constitutions to guarantee that large cities will have authority to manage local affairs without interference from state government. This power is called __________? a) home rule b) preemption c) devolution d) states' rights e) New Federalism

e) New Federalism

One of the reasons that Washington distrusted the states was the way African American citizens were treated in the South during the decade of the 1960s.

false

The federal medicaid program was first enacted in 1970.

false

home rule

power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs

implied powers

powers derived from the necessary and proper clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution; such powers are not specifically expressed but are implied through the expansive interpretation of delegated powers

police powers

powers reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens

reserved powers

powers, derived from the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states

grants-in-aid

programs through which congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal government

necessary and proper clause

provision from Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution providing Congress with the authority to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out its expressed powers

full faith and credit clause

provision from Article IV, Section 1 of the Constitution requiring that the states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state

privileges and immunities clause

provision, from Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution, that a state cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give its own residents special privileges

unfunded mandates

regulations or conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by the federal government

expressed powers

specific powers granted by the Constitution to Congress (Article I, Section 8) and to the president (Article II)

preemption

the principle that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas; in foreign policy, the willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack

states' rights

the principle that the states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government; this principle was most popular in the period before the Civil War

general revenue sharing

the process by which on unit of government yields a portion of its tax income to another unit of government, according to an established formula; revenue sharing typically involves the national government providing money to state governments

dual federalism

the system of government that prevailed in the United States from 1789 to 1937 in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments

Between 2008 and 2009, grants to the state rose sharply as a result of federal efforts to stimulate the economy.

true

Cooperative federalism often encourages states to pursue their own state-defined goals.

true

Currently, the United States Government has legalized the medical use of marijuana.

true

For most of the nineteenth century, the Supreme Court consistently interpreted the commerce clause in favor of national power over the economy.

true

In general revenue sharing block grants, local governments may use the money as they wish.

true

In the important landmark court case, United States v. Lopez, Congress struck down federal law the barred handguns near schools.

true

Many of the fiercest political controversies in American history have revolved around competing views of federalism.

true

Missouri Consistution was ratified in 1945.

true

The Supreme Court, in 2017 passed a tax bill that included a provision to eliminate the individual mandate (forced purchase of health insurance), a part of President Obama's Affordable Care Act.

true