Chapter 3 - Individual Differences and Emotions

Emotional Stability

Being relaxed, secure, unworried, and less likely to experience negative emotions under pressure

Intelligence

an individual's capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving

Emotions

complex, relatively brief responses to particular information or experiences that change psychological and/or physiological states

Spatial intelligence is likely to be most valuable to a politician. minister. college professor fighter pilot. musician.

fighter pilot.

A person who ___________ is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and effects environmental change. is an introvert has a proactive personality is emotionally stable is emotionally intelligent has an internal locus of control

has a proactive personality

People with an external locus of control generally earn lower salaries than those with an internal locus of control. attitudes intelligence self-efficacy self-esteem emotions

intelligence

The potential to understand, connect with, and effectively work with others is ______ intelligence. spatial naturalist intrapersonal bodily-kinesthetic interpersonal

interpersonal

Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except emotional stability. generalized self-efficacy. locus of control. interpersonal intelligence. self-esteem.

interpersonal intelligence.

People with very high levels of emotional stability __________ than people with moderate emotional stability. tend to be less detail-oriented focus more on the larger objectives earn lower salaries tend to perform fewer OCBs pay more attention to co-workers

tend to perform fewer OCBs (Organizational Citizenship Behaviors)

"Individual differences" is a narrow category only used to describe the "Big Five" personality attributes.

False

Intelligence cannot be modified or altered.

False

Managers can have great impact on fixed individual differences.

False

People with __________ often see the causes of events in their lives as due to luck or other environmental factors. high emotional stability an internal locus of control an external locus of control high introversion high extraversion

an external locus of control

Individual Differences (IDs)

are the many attributes, such as traits and behaviors, that describe each of us as a person

Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence? self-awareness social awareness relationship management intrapersonal intelligence self-management

intrapersonal intelligence

Locus of Control

a relatively stable personality characteristic that describes how much personal responsibility you take for your behavior and its consequences

Gina says, "I can type 70 words per minute with no errors." She is expressing a high self-efficacy. high self-esteem high self-expectations. her core self-evaluation. an external locus of control.

a high self-efficacy.

Self-Efficacy

a person's belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task

Self-Esteem

your general belief about your own self-worth

Gardener's 8 Intelligences

linguistic - potential to learn and use spoken and written languages logical-Mathematical - potential for deductive reasoning, problem analysis and mathematical calculation spatial - potential to recognize and use patterns musical - potential to appreciate, compose and perform music body-Kinesthetic - potential to use mind and body to coordinate physical movement interpersonal - potential to understand, connect with and effectively work with others intrapersonal - potential to understand and regulate yourself naturalist - potential to live in harmony with your environment

Which of the following is not one of the basic dimensions of the Big Five personality dimensions? locus of control extraversion openness to experience conscientiousness agreeableness

locus of control

Core Self-Evaluations (CSEs)

represent a broad personality trait comprised of four narrower and positive individual traits: generalized self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability

Emotion display norms

rules that dictate which types of emotions are expected and appropriate for their members to show

Emotional Intelligence

the ability to monitor your own emotions and those of others, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide your thinking and actions 4 Key Components: Self-Awareness Self-Management Social Awareness Relationship Management

Practical Intelligence

the ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experience in order to purposefully adapt to, shape, and select environments

Proactive Personality

the attribute of someone relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change. Proactive people identify opportunities and act on them, show initiative, take action and persevere until meaningful change occurs

Personality

the combination of stable physical, behavioral and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identities

External Locus of Control

people who believe their performance is the product of circumstances beyond their immediate control

Internal Locus of Control

people who believe they control the events and consequences that affect their lives

Big 5 Personality Dimensions

1. extroversion - outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive 2. agreeableness - trusting, good-natured, cooperative, softhearted 3. conscientiousness - dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, persistent 4. emotional stability - relaxed, secure, unworried 5. openness to experience - intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded

Research has shown that despite the assumption many managers make, proactivity is unrelated to work performance.

False

Self-esteem is a broad personality trait composed of self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability.

False (this describes Core Self-Evaluations)

Increasing the autonomy of a person's job is one effective way to increase that person's self-efficacy.

True

One cause of the increase in intelligence observed in developed countries is better nutrition.

True

People program themselves for success or failure by enacting their self-efficacy expectations.

True

People with an external locus of control generally earn lower salaries than those with an internal locus of control.

True

The potential to learn and use spoken and written languages is known as linguistic intelligence.

True