Chapter 3 - Joint Design and Welding Terms

weld pass

...a single progression of welding along a weld joint

root bead

...a weld bead that extends into or includes part or all of the joint root

filler metal

...metal deposited in a welded, brazed, or soldered joint during the welding process

weld root

...the area where filler metal intersects the base metal and extends the furthest into the weld joint

square groove butt joint

1. for materials less than 3/16" thick. 2. require complete fusion

Single Bevel Groove Butt Joint

1. welded from one side. 2. metals smaller than 1/2" thick

fixture

A device designed and built for holding a particular piece of work for machining operations.

lap joint

A joint produced by lapping two pieces of materials

surfacing weld

A weld applied to a surface, as opposed to making a joint, to obtain desired properties or dimensions.

plug weld

A weld made in a circular hole in one member of a joint fusing that member to another member. A fillet-welded hole is not to be construed as conforming to this definition.

fillet weld

A weld of approximately triangular cross section joining two surfaces approximately at right angles to each other in a lap joint, T-joint, or corner joint.

double groove weld

A weld that has two groove welds on both sides of the joint.

weld leg

Distance from the joint root to the toe of the fillet weld

weld width

Distance from toe to toe across the face of the weld

F

Fillet weld

G

Groove Weld

joint root

That portion of a joint to be welded where the members are closest to each other.

root face

That portion of the groove face within the joint root.

joint penetration

The distance the weld metal extends from the weld face into a joint, exclusive of weld reinforcement.

weld toe

The junction of the weld face and the base metal.

effective throat

The minimum distance from the weld face, minus any convexity, and the weld root.

actual throat

The shortest distance between the weld root and the face of a fillet weld.

weld reinforcement

Weld metal in excess of the quantity required to fill a joint.

Face Reinforcement

Weld reinforcement on the side of the joint from which welding was done.

Root reinforcement

Weld reinforcement opposite the side from which the welding was done

electrode

a component of the welding circuit that conducts electrical current to the weld area

seam weld

a continuous weld made between or upon overlapping mbmers that produces a continuous seam or series of overlapping spot welds

crater

a depression at the termination of a weld bead

single groove weld

a groove weld made from one side of the joint only

Thermal Spraying (THSP)

a group of processes in which finely divided metallic of nonmetallic materials are deposited in a molten ir semimolten condition to form a coating, such that local melting of the base metal does not occur

butt joint

a joint formed by two surfaces abutting at right angles

corner join

a joint formed when two members are positiond at an approximately right angle in an L shape

positioner

a mechanical device that supports and moves weldments for maximum loading, welding, and unloading efficiency

projection weld

a resistance weld produces by the heat btained from the resistance to the fow of weldng current

edge joint

a weld joint formed when tw or more parallel or nearly parallel members are joined

T-Joint

a weld joint formed when two members are positioned at approximately 90 degrees to one another in the form of a T

slot weld

a weld made in an elongated hole in one member of a joint fusing that member to another member

groove weld

a weld made in the groove between to be joined

back weld

a weld made in the weld root opposie the face of the weld

stud weld

a weld produces by joining a metal stud or a similar part to a member

multipass weld

a weld that consists of two or more weld beads

weld bead

a weld that results from a weld pass

tack weld

a weld used to hold members in proper alignment until the welds are made

spot weld

a weld with an approximately circular cross section made between or upon overlapping member

flanged joint

an edge joint in which one of the joint members has a flanged edge at the weld joint

root opening

distance between joint members at the root of the weld before welding

theoretical throat

distance from the joint root, perpindicular to the hypotenuse of the largest right angle triangle that can be inscribed within the cross section of a filled weld

1

flat welding position

2F

horizontal fillet weld

2

horizontal welding position

fusion welding

melting of metal and filler metal, or filler metal only, to make a weld

4

overhead welding position

we;d y[e

the cross sectional shape of the weld

depth of fusion

the distance that fusion extends into the base metal or previous pass from the surface melted during welding.

weld face

the exposed surface of a weld on the side from which the welding was done

root pass

the initial weld pass the provides complete penetration through the thickness of a joint member

base metal

the metal or alloy to be welded

weld joint

the physical configuration at the juncture of the members to be welded

ripple

the shape within the deposited bead cuased by the movement of the welding heat source

faying surface

the surface of a joint member that is in contact with, or in close proximity to, the member to which it will be joined

nugget

the weld metal that joins the members in spot, seam, and projection welds

3

vertical welding position

hardfacing or fusion hardfacing

when a surfacing weld is used to increase wear resistance