Chapter 3

How did the concepts of Fa and Li differ from each other?

Fa relied on laws to direct good behavior, while Li focused on custom.

Why doesn't sociology attempt to judge or disprove religious doctrine?

Faith is based on conviction rather than scientific evidence.

Which of the following is one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

Fasting during the month of Ramadan

Siddhartha Gautama is sometimes referred to as _____.

The Enlightened One

Dylan is a strong proponent of liberation theology. This means he combines his _____ principles with political activism.

Christian

Why do Christians believe they are offered salvation?

Christians believe that Jesus' death offered salvation to his followers.

Why do Jews practice circumcision?

Circumcision is a symbol of the covenant between Jews and God.

Which type of religious organization is the most integrated into the larger society?

A church

Edwin has no belief or disbelief when it comes to deities. He also does not attempt to claim if they exist or do not exist because it cannot be proven either way. Edwin would be considered a(n)

Agnostic

Although Miranda does not believe God exists, she thinks that it's impossible for anyone to know for sure. Miranda would be considered a(n)

Agnostic Atheist

Although Jaison believes multiple gods exist, he thinks that it's impossible for anyone to know for sure. Jaison could be described as a(n)

Agnostic Theist

Dustin firmly believes that science proves that God does not exist. Dustin could be described as a(n)

Atheist

Why are sects often confused with cults?

Because both sects and cults both generally withdraw from society.

Which of the following was the official religion of China for about two millennia?

Confucianism

Which of the following systems of ethics and moral responsibilities do Hindus believe in?

Dharma

Why would Confucianism grow out of a period of warfare and turmoil?

It focused on the inherent goodness of individuals.

Which of the following statements is NOT a belief about God shared by Jews, Christians, and Muslims?

Jesus is God's son.

How did Confucianism and Legalism differ?

Legalism believed that people were inherently bad while Confucianism believed they were inherently good.

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is a book written by _____.

Max Weber

For a Legalist, where was the power in government?

Only in the Emperor.

How would you describe the everyday routines of our daily lives, such as getting dressed and brushing our hair?

Profane

Confucianists believe in placing morality and tradition above one's self-interests. What do they call this concept?

Ren

Which of the following is a true statement about liberation theology?

Several high-profile religious figures condemn it

How were Taoism and Confucianism able to complement each other?

Taoism focused on the individual alone while Confucianism focused on the individual's role in society.

Quinn is a Calvinist who works constantly and views prosperity as a sign of God's favor. His actions and attitude are illustrations of _____.

The Protestant work ethic

How are the Torah and the Christian Bible similar? How are they different?

The Torah is the Old Testament, while the Christian Bible contains the Old and New Testament.

Rhonda is a devout Christian who regards the Bible as absolute proof that God exists. Rhonda would be considered a(n)

Theist

Why are some nontheistic religions also called 'ethical religions'?

They revolve around morals instead of a god's commandments.

How was the Industrial Revolution affected by religion according to Weber?

Weber argued that certain religious ideas set off a chain of events leading to the Industrial Revolution.

As a symbol of ideals of the American people, the American flag is treated with great respect. In this sense, it could be considered a secular example of _____.

a totem