Chapter 3 - Questions

___________ care is a NICU procedure that involves skin-to-skin contact in which the baby, wearing only a diaper, is held upright against the parent's bare chest.

Kangaroo

True or false: Drinking one or two servings of beer or wine a few days a week during pregnancy can cause negative effects on the fetus.

true

True or false: The exposure of fathers to certain environmental agents can affect their offspring.

true

During the last ______ months of prenatal development, fatty tissues develop and the functioning of various organ systems steps up:

two

Fatty tissues develop, various organ systems function more regularly, and the fetus grows longer and gains about four pounds during the last ______ of pregnancy:

two months

Match the time frame of prenatal growth with the name of the developing organism.

- conception to two weeks post-conception: zygote - two weeks to eight weeks, post conception: embryo - two months post-conception to birth: fetus

Which of the following occurs during the embryonic period? Select all that apply:

- support systems for cells begin to form - organs begin to appear

When a mother reaches 40, the probability that her baby will have Down syndrome is slightly over 1 in ______:

100

The embryonic period occurs from _______ weeks to eight weeks after conception.

2

Typical prenatal development lasts how many weeks?

38 to 40

The span between conception and birth usually lasts 38 to _______ weeks.

40

What is the greatest weight at which an infant is considered to have low birth weight?

5.5 pounds

Before the ______ month of pregnancy, a fetus is unlikely to survive outside the womb.

6th

It becomes possible for the fetus to survive outside the womb as early as the ______ month of pregnancy.

6th

It becomes possible for the fetus to survive outside the womb as early as the ______ month of pregnancy:

6th

Prenatal development is divided into what three periods?

Germinal, embryonic, and fetal

Regarding paternal risk factors, which of the following statements are true?

If a father smokes while the mother is pregnant, there is an increased risk for early pregnancy loss. There is an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in offspring of older fathers. Older fathers appear to have an increased risk of having children with autism.

_________ helps preterm infants stabilize their breathing, temperature, and heartbeat through close physical contact.

Kangaroo Care

Which of the following is a childbirth strategy similar to natural childbirth that includes a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor?

Lamaze

Regarding the periods of prenatal development, which of the following statements is true?

The germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods all begin during the first trimester.

A breech birth occurs when:

a baby's buttocks are the first part to emerge from the vagina

The Apgar Scale should be used to assess the health of newborns ______:

at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the group of cells is called the ________:

blastocyst

Which of the following are true statements about the first stage of birth? Select all that apply:

contractions become more frequent and intense, the cervix dilates to approximately 10cm

Which of the following are complications associated with maternal obesity during pregnancy? Select all that apply:

depression, hypertension, diabetes

FASD may occur in offspring whose mothers ______ during pregnancy.

drank alcohol

After the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, the mass of cells is known as the ______:

embryo

Between two and eight weeks post-conception, the developing mass of cells is called a(n) ________

embryo

Organogenesis takes place primarily during the ______ period.

embryonic

The rate of cell differentiation intensifies, the support systems for cells form, and organs appear during which period?

embryonic

The period that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception is known as the ______:

embryonic period

The symptoms of postpartum depression include all of the following, EXCEPT:

euphoria

True or false: Newborns must have close contact with the mother in the first few days of life to develop optimally:

false

Which prenatal period lasts about seven months:

fetal

Women who are pregnant at age 35 or older are at an elevated risk of having a pregnancy with which of the following complications:

fetal death, preterm birth

One aspect of maternal nutrition that is important for normal prenatal development is the B-complex vitamin called:

folic acid

______ is a B-complex vitamin that is important for normal prenatal development:

folic acid

Approximately 11 to 15 days after conception, ______ takes place.

implantation

The attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall is referred to as ______.

implantion

Which of the following are benefits of the Apgar Scale:

it identifies high-risk infants who need resuscitation, it is good at assessing the newborn's ability to respond to the stress of delivery and its new environment

Recent studies found that prenatal marijuana exposure was related to lower birth weight and ______ in children:

lower intelligence

During the germinal period, the zygote is undergoing rapid ______:

mitosis

The process of organ development during the first 2 months of prenatal development is known as ________

organogenesis

The ______ is a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join:

placenta

The Lamaze method, a method similar to natural childbirth, is also known as:

prepared childbirth

Infants born three weeks or more before the pregnancy has reached its full term are called __________ infants

preterm

Which term best describes infants that are born three weeks or more before the pregnancy has reached its full term:

preterm

Specific hazards to the embryo or fetus include which of the following:

radiation, toxic waste, chemical pollutants

During the ______ stage of birth (which is called the "descent and emergence of the baby" stage), the mother bears down hard to push the baby out of her body; this stage typically lasts 45-60 minutes:

second

Prenatal exposure to marijuana has been linked to which of the following:

stillbirth, lower intelligence

Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive, behavioral or physical outcomes is a(n):

teratogen

Consisting of two arteries and one vein, the ___________ _________ connects the baby to the placenta.

umbilical cord

Which are the natural childbirth methods that attempt to reduce the mother's pain?

with relaxation techniques, through education

What are the guidelines involving X-rays during pregnancy?

x-rays are generally considered safe, as long as the abdomen is protected

The fertilized egg is called the ______.

zygote

_________ drugs act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods

Psychoactive

In the third stage of birth, the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are expelled from the uterus. This stage of birth is called the

afterbirth

The developing embryo floats in the ________, which resembles a bag or an envelope and contains a clear fluid.

amnion

The life-support system that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is known as the ______

amnion

The life-support system that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is known as the ______.

amnion

Which of the following prescription drugs can function as a teratogen:

antibiotics, acne medications, synthetic estrogen

Research indicates that high doses of what nonprescription drug can contribute to fetal bleeding?

aspirin

Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the zygote is now a group of cells called the ______.

blastocyst

In the period shortly after birth, a connection between the parent and the infant forms. This attachment is known as:

bonding

The formation of a connection, especially a physical one, between parent and infant shortly after birth is known as:

bonding

When a baby's buttocks are the first part to emerge from the vagina, the baby is in a _______ position

breech

In the germinal period, the zygote undergoes rapid ______ division

cell

In a ______ delivery, the baby is removed from the mother's uterus through an incision made in her abdomen:

cesarean

In ______, doctors remove the baby surgically from the mother's uterus:

cesarean delivery

The prenatal period that lasts about seven months in typical pregnancies, beginning two months after conception, is the ________ period.

fetal

The ______ period of prenatal development takes place in the first two weeks after conception.

germinal

The _______ period includes the creation of the fertilized egg or zygote, cell division and implantation.

germinal

The ________ period is the first period of prenatal development, when the egg is fertilized and cell division takes place.

germinal

Which of the following is NOT one of the three related conditions that pose threats to many newborns:

having a high Apgar score

Which of the following outcomes are associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders:

learning problems, heart problems, facial deformities

Which of these is are strategies for minimizing the impact of maternal obesity on a pregnancy:

limiting gestational weight gain, increased exercise prior to pregnancy, weight loss prior to pregnancy

The three stages of birth are not of equal length; the first stage is ______ than the others:

longer

Amy is a sixteen-year-old expecting mother. Amy lives at poverty level with her family, nutrition is poor and she has admitted to using drugs during her pregnancy. Amy is at risk of delivering a ________ birth weight baby

low

Jemma weighs 4 pounds at birth. She would be considered a(n) ______ infant:

low birth weight

The three related conditions that pose threats to many newborns are _______ birth weight, ________ birth, and being small for _______ infants.

low, preterm, date

Nerve cells, which handle information processing at the cellular level, are known as:

neurons

ndividual nerve cells known as ________ are involved in information processing at the cellular level in the brain.

neurons

Which of the following are psychoactive drugs:

nicotine, marijuana, caffeine, and alcohol

According to the U.S. surgeon general,

no alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy

The ______ is a life-support system that consists of blood vessels from the mother and offspring that intertwine but don't join.

placenta

The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein, and it connects the baby to the ______:

placenta

Which of the following are risk factors for low birth weight:

poor nutrition, improved reproductive technology, drug usage, mother is very young

Some women develop _________ depression, which involves a major depressive episode that typically occurs about four weeks after delivery.

postpartum

The ______ period lasts from the end of delivery until the mother's body has returned to a nearly prepregnant state (in about six weeks):

postpartum

The weeks after childbirth are referred to as the ______ period, which lasts about six weeks.

postpartum

Methods of Blank 1 of 1 childbirth involve reducing the mother's pain by instructing her in the use of breathing and relaxation techniques:

prepared

Any agent that can potentially cause cognitive, behavioral or physical harm to the developing embryo or fetus is a(n) ______:

teratogen

Which of the following is true of the second stage of birth?

the baby's head moves through the birth canal

Early close contact between mother and infant in the hospital may be of particular benefit when:

the mother is from disadvantaged circumstances, the infant is preterm, the mother is a teenager

The placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are detached and expelled during the ______ stage of birth:

third

Prenatal development can be described in terms of equal three-month time periods called _________

trimesters