Chapter 3 review

Explain the difference between monoecious plants and dioecious plants.

A monecious plant provides both dominant in pistol it flowers. A dioecious plant may provide either staminate or pistillate flowers, but the two types of flowers or born by separate plants

Five factors that favor seed germination

Adequate moisture, adequate oxygen, favorable temperature, proper soil conditions, sufficient sunlight

How do agent dispersal in mechanical dispersal help the scattered seeds?

Agent dispersal - and outside agent, such as an animal, man, the wind, or water, carries the seeds to good soil Mechanical dispersal - the fruit scatters its seeds by bursting open when their right to catapult them to a new location

Horticulturist

Agricultural technician who specializes in growing flowers, fruits, vegetables, and shrubs

Five important cereal grains.

Barley, oats, Rye, corn, rice.

eight groups of simple fruits.

Berries, drupes, pomes, legumes, samaras, nuts, grains, achenes.

What is the difference between complete & incomplete flowers?

Complete flowers have sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils. Incomplete flowers lack one or more of these four basic parts

This three main parts of a seed.

Embryo plant, endosperm, seed coat.

Hybrid

Organism resulting from a cross between two different species of the same kind of plant or animal

Endosperm

Part of a seed which provides nutrition to the growing embryo, such as a starchy part of a wheat kernel

Another name for a flower stalk.

Pedicel.

dormancy

Period of inactivity, which helps prevent seeds from sprouting when conditions are unfavorable for the growth of young plants

photoperiodism

Phenomenon in which a plant requires a definite period of light in darkness before it will flower

Legume

Plant of the Pea family. A simple group consisting of a pod and closing several seed, which is characteristic of members of this family

Pollen

Plant reproductive structure, produced by the anther of the stamen, that contains the sperm cell

Three main parts of the embryo.

Plumule, radicle, cotyledon.

How does pollination lead to fertilization in the development of a seed?

Pollination is a transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma portion of a pistil pollination bring sperm cells to the pistol, making fertilization possible. Fertilization is a fusion of a sperm cell with an egg cell was in the ovule. Fertilization determines the blueprint for the new plant in triggers the development of the seed and fruit.

Germination

Process in which a seed sprouts

Fertilization

Process in which a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a new organism

Fruit

Ripened ovary of a flower

Bract

Special leaf that looks like a flower petal

Bran

The shell-like fruit covering of a wheat kernel

What is the primary function of fruits?

To scatter the plant seeds

Pollination

Transfer of pollen from an anther to the stigma of a pistil

Describe the stages of germination of a bean seed.

When a beam is planted in begins to germinate, it absorbs a great deal of water. The presence of water triggers chemical changes, causing the embryo to swell and grow. The water also softens the seed coat so that the root and shoot can push through that coat and begin growing into the soil.

Why does whole wheat flour into be more nutritious than white flour?

When white flour is made, the bran and germ, which contain most of the nutrients, are removed during the Milling process. The extra processing and bleaching also causes some loss of nutrients.

Pistil, ovary

* pistil - elongated, vase shaped structure of a flower that contains the female reproductive structures * ovary* - elongated, vase shaped structure of a flower that contains the female reproductive structure

Explain the difference between simple fruits, aggregate fruits, and multiple fruits.

* simple fruit* - form from a single flower with only one pistol *aggregate fruits* - form from one flower that has several pistols *multiple fruits* - form from several flowers

Stigma, Style

* stigma*- tip of the pistil, which receives pollen grains during pollination * style - stock like portion of a pistol, which connects the ovary to the stigma

Distinguish between self pollination and cross pollination.

*Self pollination* - pollen from the anther is transferred to the stigma of a pistil in the same flower or do another flower of the same plant. *Cross-pollination* - the pollen from an insert of one plant is transferred to the stigma of a flower on another plant

Sepals, petals, calyx, corolla

*Sepals*- leaf like structure attached to the edge of a flower's receptacle *petals*- most conspicuous part of a flower *calyx*- Collective term for a flower sepals *corolla*- Collective term for a flower seeds

stamen, filament, anther

*Stamen* - pollen producing organ within a flower *filament* - slender, elongated part of a stamen *anther* - enlarged pollen producing structure at the tip of a stamen

Inflorescence

Flower cluster

Sexual reproduction

Form of reproduction In which genetic material is contributed by two parents through the union of sperm and egg

Chaff

Husk of a wheat kernel

The four parts of a wheat kernel.

Husk, bran, endosperm, germ.

Which message of seed dispersal can spread seeds farther from the plant?

Mechanical dispersal is limited to the maximum distance that a seed can be thrown, which would be a few yards at most. Agent dispersal, on the other hand, can carry seeds for hundreds or even thousands of miles by means of wind, flowing water, or migrating animals.

What is the difference between staminate and pistillate flowers?

Staminate, or male, flowers lack pistils in bear only stamens. Pistilit, or female, flowers lack stamens and bear only pistils

The chief Factor affecting when most plants flower

The length of day and night.

Nectar

a sweet-tasting, watery liquid produced by plants

What is meant when a seed is said to be viable?

a viable seed is one that is able to germinate.

The primary purpose of flowers

producing seeds for reproduction