Chapter 3 Review Questions
True/False: Even extreme food restriction, such as near-starvation, does not cause the stomach to shrink permanently. Likewise, the stomach doesn't stretch permanently. The folds in the wall of the stomach flatten as it expands to accommodate a large meal, but they re-form over the next few hours as the food empties into the small intestine. Only after gastric surgery, when a very small stomach "pouch" remains, can stomach tissue stretch permanently.
False
True/False: Although there are individual variations in how we respond to food, the entire process of digestion and absorption of one meal usually takes about 24 hours
True
True/False: Most ulcers result from an infection of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Contrary to the popular belief, ulcers are not caused by stress or spicy food.
True
Heartburn is caused by pooling of a. gastric juice in the esophagus b. pepsin in the cardiac muscle c. bile in the stomach d. salivary amylase in the stomach
a
The nerves of the GI tract are a. collectively known as the enteric nervous system b. part of the central nervous system c. incapable of acting independently of the brain d. all of the above
a
Most digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins take place in the a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine
c
The cell membrane is composed of a. a somewhat rigid layer of cholesterol molecules and proteins b. two flexible layers of phospholipid molecules c. a flexible layer of cholesterol molecules studded with multiple organelles d. repeating atoms of various lipids
c
The jejunum is a. the first segment of the esophagus b. the main portion of the stomach c. the middle segment of the small intestine d. the first segment of the large intestine
c
The region of the brain tissue that is responsible for prompting us to seek food is the a. pituitary gland b. cephalic phase c. hypothalamus d. autonomic nervous system
c
Which of the following represents the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest? a. cells, molecules, atoms, tissues, organs, systems b. atoms, molecules, cells, organs, tissues, systems c. atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, systems d. molecules, atoms, cells, tissues, organs, systems
c
True/False: Bile is produced by the gallbladder
false
True/False: Diarrhea can be a normal, protective response to infection
true
True/False: Food encounters of the pharynx before it encounters the esophagus
true