Chapter 30
Twisting Force
Bone and joint injuries are usually caused by three mechanisms: direct force, indirect force, and ______ .
The 6 P's when evaluating an extremety for a possible fracture or Dislocation.
-Pain, may be on palpation -Pallor, the skin distal to the injury may be pale and cap refill delayed if an artery is compressed or torn. -Paralysis,The pt may be unable to move the extremity -Paresthesia, numbness or tingling sensation, indicative of nerve damage -Pressure, a pressure sensation within the extremity -Pulses, The pulse distal to the injury may be absent or have a decrease in amplitude
Pathologic Fracture
A broken bone resulting from a disease that causes bone degeneration
Fracture
A broken bone. Catagorized as open or closed
Osteoporosis
A degenerative bone disorder associated with an accelerated loss of minerals, primarily calcium, from the bone
Indirect Force
A force that causes injury some distance away from the point of impact.
Twisting Force
A force that twists a bone while one end is held stationary.
Twisting Force
A patient who suffers a fractured tibia after jamming the foot in a hole while running across a field has suffered an injury caused by ______ f.
Paresthesia
A prickling or tingling feeling that indicates some loss of sensation.
Sprain
An injury to a joint capsule, with damage to or tearing of the connective tissue, and usually involves ligaments.
Strain
An injury to the muscle or a muscle and tendon possibly caused by overextension, or overstretching.
Splint
Any device used to immobilize a body part
Direct force
Colliding with the internal components of a car during a motor vehicle collision may result in a fracture caused by
Ligaments
Connect bone to bone
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
Direct force
Direct blow. Injuries from direct force occur at the point of impact.
Elevate the extremity if spinal injury is not suspected.
During your ongoing assessment of a patient with a bone or joint injury while en route to the hospital, be sure to:
Have caused a break in the overlying skin.
In order for a bone injury to be considered "open," a fractured bone must:
Sling and swathe
In order to provide stability for an upper humerus injury, a _______________ should be applied.
Dislocation, which is the displacement of a bone.
Injuries to the musculoskeletal system include a:
The sound or feeling of broken bone fragments grinding against each other.
Signs and symptoms of a bone or joint injury may include pain, tenderness, and crepitus, which is:
Preventing movement to reduce the chance for further injury.
The basic reasons for splinting a bone or joint injury include:
Dislocation
The displacement of a bone from it's normal position in a joint.
Air splints may impair circulation and interfere with the assessment of pulses.
The main type of pressure splint is the air splint. Which of the following is true about pressure splints?
The force impacting on one end of a limb, causing injury some distance away from the point of impact.
The mechanisms of injury, or forces that may cause bone and joint injury, include indirect force, which is:
Skeletal muscles
The muscles that are under control of a person's will and make possible all deliberate acts are the:
Crepitus
The sound or feeling of broken fragments of bone grinding against each other.
Paresthesia.
The tingling feeling that is one of the symptoms of a long bone injury is called:
May cause injuries to body areas distant from the injury site.
The various types of musculoskeletal injuries
Compartment Syndrome
Tissue pressure in a confined space causing decreased blood flow, leading to hypoxia, and possible muscle, nerve, and vessel impairment
To obtain a SAMPLE history during or after your focused physical exam.
When performing a focused physical exam on a patient with a musculoskeletal injury, remember:
Joints
Where bones meet. They are also a major element in motion
