Chapter 32 Review

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of..

inhibited secretion of ADH

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by...

smooth muscle

Muscles are joined to bones by..

tendons

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with...

epithelial tissue

The type of muscle tissue surrounding internal organs, other than the heart, is..

smooth muscle

When stimulated by the antidiuretic hormone, the reabsorption of water is increases along..

the collecting duct

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by..

the endocrine system

Urea is..

the primary nitrogenous waste products of humans

Within a normally functioning kidney, blood can be found in..

the vasa recta

The typical osmolarity of human blood is..

300 mosm/L.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about thermoregulation?

Endotherms and ectotherms differ in their primary soucre of heat for thermoregulation

As the attending physician, you need to give the player a drug to counteract his symptoms. Which of the following drugs would be best to give the player?

a drug that acts like ADH

During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of...

a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop

The interrelationships between the endocrine and nervous systems are especially apparent in..

a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus

The endocrine gland that produces epinephrine is the..

adrenal medulla

All skeletal muscle fibers..

are both striated and under voluntary control

All hormones..

are carried to target cells in the blood

An example of a connective tissue is..

blood

ADH functions at the cellular level by..

causing an increase in the number of aquaporin molecules of collecting duct cells

If you gently twist your earlobe, it doesn't remain distorted because it contains..

connective tissue

With its abundance of collagenous fibers, cartilage is an example of..

connective tissue

The hypothalamus...

controls most neuroendocrine signaling in mammals

Homeostasis typically relies on negative feedback because positive feedback..

drives processes to completion rather than to a balance point

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed..

homeostasis

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are synthesized in the..

hypothalamus

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the..

hypothalamus

If ATP production in a human kidney was suddenly halted, urine production would..

increase, and the urine would be isoosmotic compared to plasma

All types of muscle tissue have..

interactions between actin and myosin

The transfer of fluid from the glomerulus to Bowman's capsule..

is mainly a consequence of blood pressure in the capillaries of the glomerulus

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because

its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time, she may die from dehydration. ADH can help reduce water loss through its interactions with its target cells in the..

kidney

Urea is produced in the..

liver from NH3 and CO2

For hormones that homeostatically regulate cellular functions,

negative feedback typically regulates hormone secretion

The steroid hormone aldosterone affects only a small number of cells in the body because..

only its target cells contain aldosterone receptors

The endocrine glands include the...

parathyroid glands

In a lactating mammal, the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release, respectively, are..

prolactin and oxytocin

Materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate by which of the following processes?

reabsorption

Connective tissue typically have..

relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively binds to a specific hormone is called that hormone's..

target cell

Different body cells can respond differently to the same hormone because..

target cells responses are determined by the components of their signal transduction pathways.

Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of..

the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine

The filtrate in the renal pelvis enters directly from..

the collecting duct

Interstitial fluid is...

the fluid that surrounds body cells

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when..

the kidneys excrete salt into the urine when dietary salt levels rise.

Melatonin is secreted by...

the pineal gland

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that..

the positive feedback's responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it.

Most types of communication between cells utilize..

the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message

The absorptive epithelia in the gut are considered "polarized" because..

the structures on the apical surface are different than than those on the basal surface.

A primary reason that the kidneys have one of the highest metabolic rates of all body organs is that..

they operate an extensive set of active-transport ion pumps

Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the..

thyroid gland

An advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than ammonia is that..

urea is less toxic than ammonia

Hormones that promote homeostasis..

usually operate as part of a negative feedback system

A human who has no access to fresh water but is forced to drink seawater instead...

will excrete more water molecules than are taken in because of the high load of ion digestion