Chapter 33-38

Which of the following statements by a patient taking cyclosporine would indicate the need for more teaching by the nurse? "I will report any reduction in urine output to my physician." "I will wash my hands frequently." "I will take my BP at home every day." "I will take my cyclosporine at breakfast with a glass of grapefruit juice."

"I will take my cyclosporine at breakfast with a glass of grapefruit juice."

A client has been diagnosed with tuberculosis and is prescribed Rifater (combination of pyrazinamide with isoniazid and rifampin). While the client is on this medication, what teaching is essential? (Select all that apply.) "It is critical to continue therapy for at least 6 to 12 months." "Two or more drugs are used to prevent tuberculosis bacterial resistance." "These drugs may also be used to prevent tuberculosis." "No special precautions are required." "After 1 month of treatment, the medication will be discontinued."

"It is critical to continue therapy for at least 6 to 12 months." "Two or more drugs are used to prevent tuberculosis bacterial resistance." "These drugs may also be used to prevent tuberculosis."

Memory B cells are programmed to remember the initial antigen interaction. Should there be exposure to the same antigen in the future, the body manufactures high levels of antibodies in approximately what time frame? 2-3 hours 2-3 days 2-3 weeks 2-3 months

2-3 days

A patient receiving atomoxetine (Strattera) is most likely being treated for which disorder? Clinical depression Bipolar disorder Psychosis ADHD

ADHA

Lisinopril (Prinivil) and quinapril (Accupril) belong to a class of drugs called: Calcium channel blockers Beta-adrenergic blockers Ace-inhibiors Alpha-adrenergic blockers

Ace-inhibiors

Which drug does NOT exert an anti-inflammatory effect? Aspirin Ibuprofen Acetaminophen COX-2 Inhibitors

Acetaminophen

When the patient's immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies due to exposure to a specific antigen, it is referred to as ____________ immunity

Active

_________ is the drug most often prescribed for the treatment of herpesvirus infections

Acyclovir

Gentamicin (Garamycin)

Aminoglycoside

Which class of antibiotics is usually reserved for urinary tract infections and has serious adverse effects on hearing and kidney function? Erythromycin Aminoglycoside Tetracycline Sulfonamide

Aminoglycoside

neomycin

Aminoglycoside

_________________ is the traditional drug for the treatment of serious systemic fungal infections

Amphotericin B

Rapid release of histamine on a massive scale throughout the body is responsible for: Irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase Allergic rhinitis Immunosuppression Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis

A nurse must understand the interrelationships in the immune system. One of those relationships is that the primary function of plasma cells is to secrete which of the following? Complement Histamine Antibodies Cytokines

Antibodies

mycophenolate (CellCept)

Antibody

Foreign substances or cells that elicit a specific immune response are referred to as which of the following? Immunoglobulins Cytokines Antigens Antibodies

Antigens

Four drug classes used to dampen the immune response are

Antimetabolites Antibodies Corticosteroids Calcineurin inhibitors

The classification of medications used to block components of the replication cycle of HIV is _________________

Antiretroviral

rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane)

Antitubercular Agent

What important information should be included in the client's education regarding taking ciprofloxacin (Cipro)? The drug can cause discoloration of the teeth. Fluid intake should be decreased to prevent urine retention. Any heel or lower leg pain should be reported immediately. The drug should be taken with an antacid to reduce gastric effects.

Any heel or lower leg pain should be reported immediately.

A 32-year-old female has been started on amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox) for a severe UTI. Before sending her home with this prescription, the nurse will provide which instruction? Teach her to wear sunscreens. Ask her about oral contraceptive use and recommend an alternative method for the duration of the ampicillin course. Assess for hearing loss. Recommend taking the pill with some antacid to prevent GI upset.

Ask her about oral contraceptive use and recommend an alternative method for the duration of the ampicillin course.

undecylenic acid (Fungi-Nail)

Athlete's foot, diaper rash

The largest class of antifungals, the _________, inhibits ________, which is an essential component of fungal cell membranes, synthesis, causing the fungal plasma membrane to become porous or leaky

Azoles, ergosterol

A HCP is caring for a pt who is about to begin taking acyclovir (Zovirax) to treat a herpes simplex infection. The HCP should monitor which lab value of the pt?

BUN

Which is NOT a type of vaccine suspension? Live microbes Killed Microbes microbes that are alive but attenuated Bacterial toxins

Bacterial toxins

Which local anesthetic drug might interfere with the antibacterial activity of some sulfonamide drugs? Benzocaine (Americaine) Tetracaine (Pontocaine) Bupivacaine (Marcaine) Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Benzocaine (Americaine)

______________________ modifiers assist in limiting the severe immunosuppressive effects of other anticancer drugs by stimulating the body's immune system

Biologic response

Immunostimulants, also called ___________________________, have been approved to boost certain functions of the immune system

Biologic response modifiers

A HCP is caring for a patient who takes wafarin and is about to begin trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole to treat a UTI. The HCP should question the drug regimen because taking these two drugs concurrently can increase the pts risk for which of the following?

Bleeding

The primary dose-limiting toxicity of the alkylating agents is ___________

Bone marrow suppression

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Calcineurin inhibitor

Opportunistic fungal infections acquired in a nonaocomial setting will more likely be

Candidiasis Aspergillosis Cryptococcosis Mucarmycosis

When administering erythromycin to a pt who has pneumococcal pneumonia, the HCP should monitor for which of the following?

Cardiac Disarrythmias

Cephalexin (Keflex)

Cephalosporin

cefepime (Maxipime)

Cephalosporin

The nurse should teach patients receiving thiazide diuretics for hypertension to: Change positions slowly Limit consumption of potassium rich food Increase consumption of sodium rich food Discontinue taking the medication if adverse effects occur

Change positions slowly

Which medication is an older, traditional drug of choice for the treatment of malaria? Praziquantel (Biltricide) Chloroquine (Aralen) Melarsoprol (Arsobal) Tinidazole (Tindamax)

Chloroquine (Aralen)

The primary purpose of inflammation is to ______________?

Contain the injury or destroy the microorganism

____________ are natural hormones released by the adrenal cortex that have powerful anti-inflammatory effects.

Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids)

A HCP is caring for a pt who is about to begin taking cephalexin (Keflex) to treat bacterial meningitis. The HCP should explain to the pt the need to monitor which lab values?

Creatinine

During long-term therapy with corticosteroids the nurse must be alert for signs of a condition called what?

Cushing's syndrome

Which drug produces its therapeutic effects by inhibiting T cells? Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Prednisone Asprin Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)

Activated T cells recognize specific antigens and produce hormone-like proteins called _________ that regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response

Cytokines

The HCP is caring for a pt who is about to begin taking acyclovir (Zovirax) to treat a viral infection. The HCP should recognize cautious use if the pt also is experiencing which of the following?

Dehydration

Acyclovir (Zovirax) is an effective treatment for all of the following except: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 cytomegalovirus (CMV) varicella zoster virus Epstein-Barr virus

Epstein-Barr virus

Which of the following should a provider prescribe for a pt who has streptococcal pharyngitis and is allergic to penicillin?

Erythromicin

Which antibiotic is frequently prescrived for patients who are undergoing dental surgery who are allergic to penicillin? Clindamycin (Cleocin) Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox) Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin) Erythromycin (E-Mycin)

Erythromycin (E-Mycin)

The nurse should instruct the patient receiving NRTIs to report which adverse effects? Rash, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, numbness, or generalized fatigue Fever, chills, blistering of the skin, reddening of the skin, muscle or joint pain Headache, insomnia, fever, constipation, frequent infections, fainting, or visual changes None of the above

Fever, chills, blistering of the skin, reddening of the skin, muscle or joint pain

The nurse is evaluating drug effects in a client who has been given interferon alfa-2b (Intron-A) for hepatitis B and C. Which of the following is a common adverse effect? Depression and thoughts of suicide Flulike symptoms of fever, chills, or fatigue Edema, hypotension, and tachycardia Hypertension, renal or hepatic insufficiency

Flulike symptoms of fever, chills, or fatigue

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Fluoroquinolone or miscellaneous

ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Fluoroquinolone or miscellaneous

_______ are single celled or multicellular organisms that are more complex than vacteria

Fungi

A HCP is caring for a patient who is about to receive gentamicin to treat a systemic infection. The HCP should question the use of this drug for a patient who is also taking which drug?

Furosemide (Lasix)

The nurse administering ferrous sulfate should monitor for the most common adverse effects of the drug that affect the: Heart GI tract blood liver

GI tract

Ribaviron (Rebetrol) is currently used for the treatment of chronic __________ infections

HCV

Superficial fungal infections affect areas of the body such as the

Hair, skin, nails, vagina, and oral cavity

The standard aggressive treatment for HIV-AIDS, using as many as four drugs concurrently is called, __________________

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

The class of antineoplastic medications referred to as _______ and _________ antagonists have fewer cytotoxic effects than seen with other antitumor medications

Hormones, hormone

Which of the following is an opioid? Hydralazine Hydrocortisone Hydrocodone Hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrocodone

A patient with a history of hypertension is to start drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following drugs would be contraindicated, or used cautiously, for this patient? (Select all that apply.) Aspirin Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Naproxen (Aleve) Methylprednisolone (Medrol)

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) Naproxen (Aleve) Methylprednisolone (Medrol)

cytomegalovirus immune globulin (CytoGam)

Immune globulin preparation

Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A)

Immunostimulant

A 55 year old female patient is receiving cyclosporine (Neural, Sandimmune) after a heart transplant. The patient exhibits a white blood cell count of 12,000 cells/mm3, a sore throat, fatigue, and a low grade fever. The nurse suspects which of the following conditions? Transplant rejection. Heart failure. Dehydration. Infection.

Infection.

Which biologic response modifier would be prescribed for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma? Interleukin-2 Interleukin-11 Interferon alfa-2b Interferon beta

Interferon alfa-2b

Which biologic response modifier is reserved for the treatment of severe multiple sclerosis? Interleukin-2 Interleukin-11 Interferon alfa-2b Interferon beta

Interferon beta

Which biologic response modifier would be prescribed for the treatment of metastatic renal carcinoma? Interleukin-2 Interleukin-11 Interferon alfa-2b Interferon beta

Interleukin-2

Viruses are considered _________ ; therefore, they require a host to replicate

Intracellular parasites

Most antitumor antibiotics are administered _________ through direct instillation into a body cavity using a catheter

Intravenously

The nurse is counseling a mother regarding antipyretic choices for her 8-year-old daughter. When asked why aspirin is not a good drug to use, what should the nurse tell the mother? It is not as good an antipyretic as is acetaminophen. It may increase fever in children under age 10. It may produce nausea and vomiting. It increases the risk of Reye's syndrome in children under 19 with viral infections.

It increases the risk of Reye's syndrome in children under 19 with viral infections.

A client has been prescribed tetracycline. When providing information regarding this drug, the nurse should include what information about tetracycline? It is classified as a narrow-spectrum antibiotic with minimal adverse effects. It is used to treat a wide variety of disease processes. It has been identified to be safe during pregnancy It is contraindicated in children younger than 8 years.

It is contraindicated in children younger than 8 years.

The nurse is administering the patient 18mg/kg of cyclosporine. The nurse should monitor the patient for primary adverse effects relating to which system? Immune system Lung GI Tract Kidney

Kidney

Which organs does amebiasis invade and cause severe ulcers and/or abscesses? Large intestine and liver Small intestine Heart Kidney and heart

Large intestine and liver

During the _________ stage of HIV infection, the patient is asymptomatic and may not be aware of infection.

Latent

The nurse is treating a patient with a hepatitis C infection with peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys). The nurse understands that PEG (polyethylene glycol) was added to the interferon molecule to: Lengthen the duration of action of the drug Reduce the development of resistant viruses during therapy Enable the drug to be given by the oral route Reduce the incidence of acute infusion related anaphylaxis

Lengthen the duration of action of the drug

For four months, a patient has been receiving isoniazid (INH) for the treatment of M. tuberculosis. The nurse should monitor carefully for signs of toxicity to which organ? Kidney Brain Ear/hearing Liver

Liver

Which organ is responsible for the first-pass effect? Liver Brain Kidneys Small intestine

Liver

Borrelia

Lyme disease

__________________ antibiotics are safe alternatives to penicillin because they can generally be administered over a shorter time

Macrolide

erythromycin (E-Mycin)

Macrolides

___________ cells detect foreign agents or injury and respond by releasing histamine

Mast

The nurse is preparing to treat a patient for a helminthic infection. What is the preferred drug for the treatment of most helminthic infections? Mebendazole (Vermox) Amphotericin (Abelcet, others) Metronidazole (Flagyl) Chloroquine (Aralen)

Mebendazole (Vermox)

What is the preferred drug for the treatment of most forms of amebiasis? Mebendazole (Vermox) Amphotericin (Abelcet, others) Metronidazole (Flagyl) Chloroquine (Aralen)

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Which medication would be most likely to be used in the treatment of travelers' diarrhea a condition caused by protozoans? Doxycycline hyclate (Vibramycin) Mebendazole (Vermox) Chloroquine ( Aralen) Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Fungal infections care called __________

Mycoses

Vinca alkaloids, taxoids, and topoisomerase inhibitors are antineoplastic drugs classified as ____________

Natural products

The patient is discharged with a prescription for naproxen 500 mg bid. The nurse should teach the patient that the most common adverse effect of this drug is? Rash Nausea/vomiting Headache Possible infections

Nausea/vomiting

The nurse administered fluconazole (Diflucan) PO for vaginal candidiasis. The nurse should teach the patient that the most frequent side effect of this drug is: Superinfection of the vagina Headaches Liver toxicity Nausea/vomiting and diarrhea

Nausea/vomiting and diarrhea

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are examples of a classification of drugs called the ____________ and are used to treat active influenza infection

Neurcaminidose inhibitors

Which drug used to treat HIV-AIDS is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor? Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT) Nevirapine (Viramune) Lamivudine (Epivir, 3TC) Indinavir (Crixivan)

Nevirapine (Viramune)

The nurse should instruct the patient receiving protease inhibitors to report which adverse effects? Rash, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, numbness, or generalized fatigue Fever, chills, blister of the skin, reddening of the skin, muscle or joint pain None of the above

None of the above

The primary drug class used for the treatment of mild to moderate inflammation is the __________________________?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Candidiasis affects the skin, vagina, and mouth. Which drug is used to treat this condition and is available in a wide variety of formulations including cream, ointment, powder, tablets, and lozenges? Butenadfine (Mentax) Ciclopirox (Loprox) Nystatin (Mycostatin) Tercibazole (Terazol)

Nystatin (Mycostatin)

Systemic mycoses are frequently quite severe and affect more than one body system. These mycoses often require which treatments? Topical agents only Oral medications only Parenteral medications only Oral and parenteral medications

Oral and parenteral medications

The major advantage of the azoles is that they may be administered

Orally

Corticosteroids have many indications. Which of the following is NOT an indication for drugs in the class? Neoplasia Arthritis Asthma Pain

Pain

Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)

Penicillin

___________ is an enzyme secreted by bacteria that limits the therapeutic usefulness of penicillins

Penicillinase (or beta-lactamase)

The nurse is administering an IV of amphotericin B for a severe fungal infection of the bowel. The nurse should monitor for which of the most common adverse effect of systemic amphotericin B therapy? Phlebitis Hypertension Gastric reflux Dryness of the mouth

Phlebitis

The nurse would question an order for peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) if the client had which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply.) Pregnancy Renal disease Hepatitis Liver disease Malignant melanoma

Pregnancy Renal disease Liver disease

Lopinavir with ritonavir (Kaletra) is the prototype drug for the class of antiretrovirals called the _________________

Protease inhibitors

A pt who is taking tetracycline for a chlamydia infection contacts the HCP to report blood tinged diarrhea. Recognizing the adverse effects of tetracycline, the HCP should suspect which of the following?

Psuedomembranous colitis

The nurse treating a patient with zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT) should monitor for which major adverse effects? Reduced numbers of red and white blood cells Painful inflammation of blood vessels at the side of infusion Nephrotoxicity Hypertension

Reduced numbers of red and white blood cells

What is the advantage of using amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox) over penicillin G? Less expensive Greater absorption Fewer adverse effects Resistant to breakdown by penicillinase

Resistant to breakdown by penicillinase

Which is a potential early adverse effect from nitrous oxide? Restless or anxiety Dysrhythmia Hypertension Mania

Restless or anxiety

Aspirin is avoided in pediatric patients younger than age 18 who present with fever because of the possibility of _________ syndrome.

Reye's

griseofulvin (Fulvicin)

Ring worm, skin, and nail infections

Rickettsia

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A nurse notes in the patient's chart that he is receiving risperidone. This patient is most likely being treated for which condition? Insomnia Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Fibromyalgia

Schizophrenia

For which condition is phenytoin (Dilantin) most frequently used? Bipolar disorder Migraines Schizophrenia Seizures

Seizures

celecoxib (Celebrex)

Selective COX-2 inhibitor

Which drug is NOT indicated for systemic fungal infections? Fluconazole (Diflucan) Caspofungin (Cancidas) Sertaconazole (Ertaczo) Amphotericin B (Abelcet, others)

Sertaconazole (Ertaczo)

econazole (Spectazole)

Skin mycoses

Patients with healthy immune defenses are afflicted with community acquired infections such as

Sporotrichosis Blastomycosis Histoplasmosis Coccidiomycosis

Which drug class acts by inhibiting the metabolism of folic acid by bacteria? Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Sulfonamides Macrolids

Sulfonamides

While obtaining a history, the patient reports taking griseofulvin (Fulvicin) for 6 weeks. The nurse understands that this patient is being treated for what type of infection? Superficial fungal infection Helminthic infection Malaria Systemic fungal infection

Superficial fungal infection

Epidermophyton floccosum

Superficial infection

Sporothrix schenckii

Superficial infection

Immunosuppressants are effective at inhibiting a patient's immune system, but must be monitored carefully as loss of immune function can lead to_____________

Superinfections

A HCP is about to begin caring for a pt who is about to begin taking nystatin for oral candida albicans that resulted from tetracycline therapy. Which of the following instructions should the HCP include about using the antifungal?

Swish in mouth before swallowing.

Which term is NOT associated with the drug levodopa (Dopar)? Anticholinergic Anti-parkinson's agent Dopamine Sympathomimetic

Sympathomimetic

Which drug class is most effective at relieving severe inflammation? NSAIDs Systemic corticosteroids H2-receptor antagonists COX-2 inhibitors

Systemic corticosteroids

If administered over a long period, which class of drugs has the potential to suppress the normal functions of the adrenal gland? NSAIDs Systemic glucocorticoids H2-receptor antagonists COX-2 inhibitors

Systemic glucocorticoids

Aspergillus fumigatus

Systemic infection

Coccidioides immitis

Systemic infection

Histoplasma capsulatum

Systemic infection

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Systemic infection

The patient has been taking aspirin for several days for headache. During the assessment, the nurse discovers that the patient is experiencing ringing in the ears and dizziness. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse? Question the patient about history of sinus infections. Determine whether the patient has mixed the aspirin with other medications. Tell the patient not to take any more aspirin. Tell the patient to take the aspirin with food or milk.

Tell the patient not to take any more aspirin.

Doxycycline (Vibramycin)

Tetracycline

Photosensitivity and teeth discoloration are potential adverse effects with which of the following? Aminoglycosides Metronidazole (Flagyl) Tetracyclines

Tetracyclines

A nurse is preparing to administer a hepatitis B vaccination to a client. Which of the following would cause the nurse to withhold the vaccination and check with the health care provider? The client smokes cigarettes, one pack per day. The client is frightened by needles and injections. The client is allergic to yeast and yeast products. The client has hypertension.

The client is allergic to yeast and yeast products

While educating the patient about hydrocortisone (Cortef), the nurse would instruct the patient to contact the health care provider immediately if which of the following occurs? There is a decrease of 1 kg (2 lb) in weight. There is an increase in appetite. There is tearing of the eyes. There is any difficulty breathing.

There is any difficulty breathing.

The nurse is admitting a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. The patient has been taking prednisone (Orasone) for an extended time. During the assessment, the nurse observes that the patient has a very round moon-shaped face, bruising, and an abnormal contour of the shoulders. What does the nurse conclude based on these findings? These are normal reactions with the illness. These are probably birth defects. These are symptoms of myasthenia gravis. These are symptoms of adverse drug effects from the prednisone.

These are symptoms of adverse drug effects from the prednisone.

A 5-year-old child is due for prekindergarten immunizations. After interviewing her mother, which of the following responses may indicate a possible contraindication for giving this preschooler a live vaccine (e.g., MMR) at this visit and would require further exploration by the nurse? Her cousin has the flu. The mother has just finished her series of hepatitis B vaccines. Her arm became very sore after her last tetanus shot. They are caring for her grandmother who has just finished her second chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer.

They are caring for her grandmother who has just finished her second chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer.

What is the primary advantage of using the selective COX-2 inhibitors over aspirin? They are less expensive They are more effective They have fewer adverse effects on the digestive system They have greater anticoagulant effects

They have fewer adverse effects on the digestive system

To present effect patient education, the nurse must know that the purpose of the vaccine is which of the following? To treat active infections To prevent inflammation, should an infection occur To prevent infections from occurring To suppress the immune system

To prevent infections from occurring

What is the purpose of HAART? To eliminate the virus from the blood To isolate HIV to the lymph nodes To reduce plasma HIV RNA to its lowest possible level All of the above

To reduce plasma HIV RNA to its lowest possible level

Escherichia

Traveler's diarrhea, UTI, bacteremia, endometriosis

A HCP is about to begin administering gentamicin therapy to treat an infection. The HCP should monitor the patient for which of the following Bowel function Peripheral pulse Urinary output Level of consciousness

Urinary output

Klebsiella

Urinary tract infection, skin infection

When providing patient education, the nurse needs to understand that a toxoid is classified as which of the following? Vaccine Immunosuppressant Anti-inflammatory agent Antigen

Vaccine

human papillomavirus (Cervarix, Gardasil)

Vaccine

butoconazole (Femstat)

Vaginal mycoses

A primary care provider is prescribing drug therapy for a patients sputum that indicates a MRSA infection. Which of the following drugs should be administered?

Vancomycin

Which antibiotic is known as the last chance drug, for treatment of resistant infections? Clarithromycin (Biaxin) Dicloxacillin Vancomycin (Vancocin) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, septra)

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Which of the following is an antibiotic responsible for causing red-man syndrome as an adverse effect? Cefotaxime (Claforan) Tetracycline Erythromycin (E-mycin, Erthrocin) Vancomycin (Vancocin)

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

What is the primary action of histamine? -Vasodilator -Vasoconstrictor -Sympathomimetic -Cardiotonic agent

Vasodilator

Neisseria

Veneral disease, endometriosis

Chlamydia

Venereal disease, endometriosis

A highly _______ virulent microbe is one that can produce disease when present in very small numbers

Virulent

Narrow spectrum antibiotics classified as _________ are useful for the treatment of serious gram-negative infections, but they also have the potential for producing ear and kidney toxicity

aminoglycosides

azathioprine (Imuran)

antimetabolite/cytotoxic agent

Augmentin, Timentin, and Unasyn are combination drugs that contain a penicillin and a ______________

beta-lactamase inhibitor

nystatin (Mycostatin, others)

candidiasis

dexamethasone

corticosteroid

prednisolone

corticosteroid

triamcinolone (Kenalog)

corticosteroid

By blocking the synthesis of _________________, methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall) inhibits replication in rapidly dividing cancer cells

folic acid

B cells initiate ________ immunity and secrete __________ that neutralize or mark the antigen for destruction by other cells in the immune system

humoral, antibodies

fenoprofen (Nalfon)

ibuprofen-like drug

oxaprozin (Daypro)

ibuprofen-like drug

Systematic fungal infections typically affect areas organs such as the

lungs, brain, and digestive organs

All of the following are first-line drugs for treating tuberculosis EXCEPT: pyrazinamide (PZA) rifabutin (mycobutin) ethambutol (Myambutol) metronidazole (Flagyl)

metronidazole (Flagyl)

The administration of gamma globulin after exposure to hepatitis is referred to as ________ immunity

passive

aspirin

salicylate

When taking high doses of aspirin, tinnitus, dizziness, headache, and excessive sweating are signs of a condition called _________?

salicylism

flucytosine (Ancobon)

severe systemic infections

Pseudomonas

urinary tract infection, skin infections