Chapter 34 Pediatric Emergencies

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the: Select one: A. premature phase. B. neonatal period. C. toddler period. D. start of infancy.

Chapter 34, page 1219, Growth and Development The correct answer is: neonatal period.

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: Select one: A. at the head. B. en route to the hospital. C. in the ambulance. D. at the feet.

Chapter 34, page 1220, Growth and Development The correct answer is: at the feet.

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: Select one: A. refrain from taking a blood pressure. B. use a toe-to-head assessment approach. C. rely solely on the parent for information. D. talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

Chapter 34, page 1222, Growth and Development The correct answer is: talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

Pale skin in a child indicates that the: Select one: A. child's core body temperature is elevated. B. child is in severe decompensated shock. C. oxygen content in the blood is decreased. D. blood vessels near the skin are constricted.

Chapter 34, page 1225, Anatomy and Physiology The correct answer is: blood vessels near the skin are constricted.

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: Select one: A. gather critical data by performing a rapid hands-on assessment of the child. B. determine if the child's vital signs are within the age-appropriate limits. C. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. D. facilitate a rapid head-to-toe assessment of the child by visualization only.

Chapter 34, page 1227, Patient Assessment The correct answer is: allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: Select one: A. administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. B. separating the child from her mother and providing ventilatory assistance. C. requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device. D. allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula.

Chapter 34, page 1230, Patient Assessment The correct answer is: administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with: Select one: A. drooling or congestion. B. acute respiratory distress. C. skin that is cool and dry. D. extreme restlessness.

Chapter 34, page 1241, Respiratory Emergencies and Management The correct answer is: drooling or congestion.

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called: Select one: A. asthma. B. croup. C. epiglottitis. D. bronchitis.

Chapter 34, page 1244, Respiratory Emergencies and Management The correct answer is: croup.

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock? Select one: A. Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg B. Pulse rate greater than 120/min C. Capillary refill time of 4 seconds D. Respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min

Chapter 34, page 1254, Circulation Emergencies and Management The correct answer is: Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. electrolyte imbalances. B. infection. C. poisonings or ingestion. D. hyperglycemia.

Chapter 34, page 1256, Neurologic Emergencies and Management The correct answer is: hyperglycemia.

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. headache and fever. B. sunken fontanelles. C. a stiff or painful neck. D. altered mental status.

Chapter 34, page 1257, Neurologic Emergencies and Management The correct answer is: sunken fontanelles.

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence initially? Select one: A. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms? B. What time did the ingestion occur? C. Do you know what substance was ingested? D. Why did your child ingest the poison?

Chapter 34, page 1258, Poisoning Emergencies and Management The correct answer is: Why did your child ingest the poison?

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: Select one: A. moist oral mucosa. B. absent urine output. C. bulging fontanelles. D. excessive tearing.

Chapter 34, page 1259, Poisoning Emergencies and Management The correct answer is: absent urine output.

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should: Select one: A. allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital. B. place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever. C. cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital. D. suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once.

Chapter 34, page 1261, Fever Emergencies and Management The correct answer is: cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: Select one: A. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. B. age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her. C. height of the child and the speed at which the car was traveling. D. speed at which the car was traveling when impact occurred.

Chapter 34, page 1262, Pediatric Trauma Emergencies and Management The correct answer is: size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact.

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. exposure to caustic chemicals. B. scalding water in a bathtub. C. hot items on a stovetop. D. entrapment in a structural fire.

Chapter 34, page 1266, Pediatric Trauma Emergencies and Management The correct answer is: entrapment in a structural fire.

While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should: Select one: A. categorize him as deceased. B. deliver 5 rescue breaths. C. palpate for a carotid pulse. D. categorize him as immediate.

Chapter 34, page 1268, Disaster Management The correct answer is: palpate for a carotid pulse.

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? Select one: A. Burns to the hands or feet that involve a glove distribution B. An unexplained delay in seeking medical care after the injury C. Evidence of alcohol consumption or drug use at the scene D. Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

Chapter 34, page 1269, Child Abuse and Neglect The correct answer is: Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should: Select one: A. immediately report your suspicions to the parents. B. encourage the child to urinate and take a shower. C. have a female EMT remain with her if possible. D. carefully examine the genitalia for signs of injury.

Chapter 34, page 1271, Child Abuse and Neglect The correct answer is: have a female EMT remain with her if possible.

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? Select one: A. SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection. B. Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable. C. Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night. D. The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy.

Chapter 34, page 1271, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome The correct answer is: Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night.