chapter 35 and 36 questions

19. José Carlos Mariátegui A) Established the Socialist Party of Peru. B) Had been a protégé of Fidel Castro. C) Served as president of Mexico. D) Was a famous Mexican muralist E) Was a Brazilian dictator-President

A) Established the Socialist Party of Peru.

1. Satyagraha was A) Gandhi's philosophy of passive resistance. B) the Islamic leader who called for the creation of Pakistan for India's Muslims. C) Mao Zedong's adapted philosophy of Chinese Communism. D) the original name of the Pan-African movement. E) the Chinese political party headed by Jiang Jieshi

A) Gandhi's philosophy of passive resistance.

11.Who among the following emerged as the leader and principal theoretician of the Chinese Communist movement? A) Mao Zedong B) Jiang Jieshi C) Sun Yatsen D) Shanfei E) None of the answers are correct.

A) Mao Zedong

5. Muhammad Ali Jinnah called for the creation of A) Pakistan. B) Iraq. C) Palestine. D) Saudi Arabia. E) Afghanistan.

A) Pakistan.

2. Gandhi embraced a moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence (ahimsa) during the twenty-five years he spent in A) South Africa. B) China. C) Morocco. D) Great Britain. E) Argentina.

A) South Africa.

6. According to Freud the root of neurotic behavior was A) a conflict between conscious and unconscious mental processes. B) summed up in the term uncertainty "principle." C) the traumatic bloodshed of World War I. D) the hostility that young boys feel toward their mothers. E) an easily explainable chemical reaction.

A) a conflict between conscious and unconscious mental processes.

4. Werner Heisenberg A) first discussed the uncertainty principle. B) made early discoveries in psychoanalysis. C) warned that democracy was a threat to the achievements of western society. D) was positive that laissez-faire capitalism would survive forever. E) discussed the end of laissez-faire capitalism.

A) first discussed the uncertainty principle.

1. The author of All Quiet on the Western Front was A) Ernest Hemingway. B) Oswald Spengler. C) Erich Maria Remarque. D) W. Somerset Maugham. E) Arnold Toynbee.

C) Erich Maria Remarque

12. In the decades following the Great War, the economies of most African colonies were dominated by A) the export of unprocessed raw materials or minimally processed cash crops B) light manufacturing C) production of steel D) cattle ranching E) furniture manufacture

A) the export of unprocessed raw materials or minimally processed cash crops

15. Which of the following was not one of the chief actions of Roosevelt's New Deal? A) tighten the money supply B) give workers the right to organize and bargain collectively C) provide social security in old age D) guarantee minimum wages E) create jobs through public works projects

A) tighten the money supply

16.The Russian Civil War that broke out after the revolution was between A) Utopian socialists and Trotskyites. B) Reds and Whites. C) Leninists and Stalinists. D) Nicholas II's Imperial Army and Lenin's Revolutionary Army. E) eastern and western factions.

B) Reds and Whites.

20 The Kristallnacht was A) a new artistic movement that flourished after World War I. B) a Nazi-arranged attack on thousands of Jewish stores. C) Hitler's political treatise that expressed his main ideas. D) the Russian term for the destructive civil war that followed the revolution. E) a German term for the sense of disillusionment that World War.

B) a Nazi-arranged attack on thousands of Jewish stores.

19. The author of Mein Kampf was A) Benito Mussolini. B) Arthur de Gobineau. C) Joseph Stalin. D) Otto von Bismarck. E) Adolf Hitler.

E) Adolf Hitler.

16. Marcus Garvey A) was a member of the "new elite" of African colonies who became president of Kenya B) as a Jamaican who championed the "Back to Africa" movement C) was a leader of the Mumbo cult D) mobilized Africans to revolt against British rule during the Great War E) None of the answers are correct.

B) as a Jamaican who championed the "Back to Africa" movement

13. Which of the following is not true regarding Africa during the decades after the Great War? A) Colonial taxation policies were designed to drive Africans into the labor market. B) Using African labor and tax monies, Europeans built economic infrastructure. C) Europeans promoted rapid, intensive industrialization among their colonial possessions. D) The Great Depression exposed the vulnerability of dependent colonial economies. E) In areas with extensive white settlement, settler agriculture was most prominent.

C) Europeans promoted rapid, intensive industrialization among their colonial possessions.

8.Mao Zedong's main rival after 1925 was A) Puyi. B) Sun Yatsen. C) Jiang Jieshi. D) Mohandas Gandhi. E) Muhammad Ali Jinnah

C) Jiang Jieshi.

18. The First Five-Year Plan was initiated by A) Lenin. B) Mussolini. C) Stalin. D) Hitler. E) Trotsky.

C) Stalin.

9. One of the biggest results of the artistic experimentation of the 1920s and 1930s was that A) artists learned to adhere to accepted public definitions of reality. B) photography was no longer considered a legitimate art form. C) generally accepted standards that distinguished between "good" and "bad" art disappeared. D) impressionism was recognized as the single best art form. E) a set of criteria was established that allowed art students to distinguish between "good" and "bad" art.

C) generally accepted standards that distinguished between "good" and "bad" art disappeared.

10. The Long March A) destroyed Mao Zedong's credibility with the Chinese. B) left Jiang Jieshi in complete control of the Chinese Communist Party. C) greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position. D) was the final victory for the Guomindang. E) forced Mao Zedong to flee China and hide in the Soviet Union.

C) greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position.

4. Which of the following was not one of the foundations of Gandhi's philosophy? A) an attempt to improve the position of the harijans. B) boycotting British goods. C) heavy industrialization. D) passive resistance. E) economic self-sufficiency

C) heavy industrialization.

12. A troubling economic problem in the 1920s was the depressed state of agriculture caused by A) virulent new strains of disease. B) the success of several new communist regimes. C) overproduction and falling prices. D) the collapse of the cotton market in the southern United States. E) dangerous underproduction.

C) overproduction and falling prices.

14. Who among the following was an artist who blended artistic vision and radical political ideas in large murals that he created for the appreciation of working people? A) Carmen Miranda B) Lázaro Cárdenas C) Victor Raul Haya de la Torre D) Diego Rivera E) Anastacio Somoza Garcia

D) Diego Rivera

3. The notion that space and time are relative to the person measuring them was first articulated in A) Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. B) Kepler's three principles of interplanetary movement. C) Spengler's The Decline of the West. D) Einstein's theory of general relativity. E) Newton's theory of gravity.

D) Einstein's theory of general relativity.

15.Who among the following was noted for his "good neighbor policy"? A) Woodrow Wilson B) Theodore Roosevelt C) Howard Taft D) Franklin Delano Roosevelt E) Herbert Hoover

D) Franklin Delano Roosevelt

5. The father of psychoanalysis was A) Werner Heisenberg. B) Oswald Spengler. C) Niokolai Berdiaev. D) Sigmund Freud. E) Albert Einstein.

D) Sigmund Freud.

7.The Three Principles of the People summarized the political views of A) Mohandas Gandhi. B) Jiang Jieshi. C) Puyi. D) Sun Yatsen. E) Mao Zedong.

D) Sun Yatsen.

9. The May Fourth Movement A) was a significant turning point in the evolution of Marcus Garvey's political efforts. B) was a sign of growing Japanese nationalism. C) became the pretext for Japan to invade Manchuria. D) galvanized the Chinese against foreign influence. E) was typical of Gandhi's nonviolent movement.

D) galvanized the Chinese against foreign influence.

6. Muhammad Ali Jinnah A) led the Civil Disobedience Movement. B) was an adherent of values and virtues discussed in the Bhagavad Gita. C) was Gandhi's main challenger for political leadership of Hindus. D) headed the Muslim League. E) was the founder of the Indian National Congress.

D) headed the Muslim League.

17. Lenin's New Economic Policy of 1921 A) pushed the peasants onto large state-run collectives. B) stripped all land ownership away from the peasants. C) called for a trading alliance with Communist China. D) implemented free market reforms. E) initiated the First Five-Year Plan.

D) implemented free market reforms.

8. Which of the following was not one of the new artistic movements of the twentieth century? A) expressionists. B) cubists. C) Dadaists. D) impressionists. E) surrealists.

D) impressionists.

20. Augusto César Sandino A) was the leader of the Guarda Nacional in Nicaragua. B) played the starring role in the film Down Argentine Way. C) was assassinated by agents of the United Fruit Company. D) led the opposition to the occupation of Nicaragua by U.S. Marines. E) served as president of Nicaragua.

D) led the opposition to the occupation of Nicaragua by U.S. Marines.

13.During the Great Depression, most nations A) cooperated globally to fight the problem on a scale never seen before. B) dramatically reduced tariffs in an effort to facilitate international trade. C) expanded the money supply and undertook public works to provide jobs. D) practiced economic nationalism. E) pushed for an expansion of trade.

D) practiced economic nationalism.

3. Gandhi A) fought hard to improve the status of the casteless Untouchables. B) launched the Non-Cooperation Movement. C) began the Civil Disobedience Movement. D) worked to secure approval of the Government of India Act. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

11. The term Bauhaus is associated with A) photography. B) physics. C) psychology. D) painting. E) architecture.

E) architecture.

18. Carmen Miranda A) created a famous painting called Imperialism B) wore colorful headdresses adorned with fruits, such as bananas, grown in Latin America C) was the popular wife of an Argentine dictator D) served as the model for an ad created by the United Fruit Company E) b and d

E) b and d

10. The work of Walter Gropius A) is the best of the post-World War I painting movement known as cubism. B) resulted in the spread of the uncertainty principle. C) laid the foundation for later achievements in psychoanalysis. D) reintroduced photography to an art world fascinated with cubism and Dadaism. E) embodied the architectural principle that form should follow function.

E) embodied the architectural principle that form should follow function.

7.The spread of photography A) led many painters to choose the camera as their instrument of expression. B) resulted in a lack of creative artistic expression because of general pessimism. C) led to a new artistic genre that tried to produce paintings that were more accurate than the camera. D) led many painters to take an almost Luddite-like glee in smashing cameras. E) led many painters to believe that the purpose of painting was not to mirror reality but to create it.

E) led many painters to believe that the purpose of painting was not to mirror reality but to create it.

17. Each of the following statements about Sun Yatsen is true, except that he A) was a leading opponent of the Qing dynasty B) proclaimed a Chinese republic in 1912 C) authored Three Principles of the People D) established the Nationalist People's Party, or Guomindang E) led the Chinese in resisting Japanese military aggression

E) led the Chinese in resisting Japanese military aggression

14. In response to the Great Depression, economist John Maynard Keynes A) proposed that the government should do nothing and wait out the economic hard times. B) was a big supporter of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff. C) felt that the government should tighten the money supply. D) wrote that capitalism had failed and that it was time for the United States to experiment with communism. E) urged the government to expand the money supply and undertake public works to provide jobs.

E) urged the government to expand the money supply and undertake public works to provide jobs.

2. In the years after World War I, the idea of progress A) gave a sense of hope in the midst of human suffering. B) remained the foundation of Asian thought. C) became even more popular among liberal Christian thinkers. D) was bolstered by the growing popularity of Confucian thought. E) was roundly attacked.

E) was roundly attacked.