Chapter 36 Calculation of Medication Dosage and Medication Administration
when prescribing for an adult the age range generally considered adult is
20 to 60 years
intravenous injection (IV)
25° angle
parenteral
A route other than that elementary canal for injection of a liquid substance into the body
when a medication error occurs follow standard procedure
A. Recognize that an error has been made B. Stay calm. assess the patient's condition and reactions to the medication C. Report the air immediately to the provider give the details of the mistake and the patients reactions D. follow the providers orders for correcting the error E. document the error in the patient's chart or electronic medical record or the facilities record form; describe the type of error, describe the patients reactions, describe the patient taken to correct the error, state date, time and your name
rapid response to a medication can be expected with which method of administration?
Intervenous, intramuscular
One of the most accurate method for calculating dosage for infants and children up to 12 years of age uses;
BSA
1 mL syringe/25G, 5/8 inch needle
Intradermal injection (ID)
1 mL syringe/27G, 1/2 needle
Intradermal injection (ID)
1-ML syringe/25-G, 3/4 inch needle
Intradermal injection (ID)
right route
check the medication order to be sure that you have the right route of administration
right time
check the medication order to ensure that a drug is administered according to the time interval prescribed
dg
decigram
dm
decimeter
dag
dekagram
dam
dekameter
dil
dilute
non rep
do not repeat
gtt
drops
The six right
right drug, right dose, right route, right time, right patient, right documentation.
liq
liquid
L
liter
The hollow core of a needle is called the
lumen
m
meter
mcg
microgram
µg or mcg
microgram
mg
milligram
mL
milliliter
mm
millimeter
m or min
minim
A disposable plastic tube that has small holes to be inserted in the nares is called
nasal catheter
NPO
nothing by mouth
aa
of each
qs
of sufficient quantity
ung
ointment
ss
one-half
pt
patient
qt
quart
The portion of the prescription that gives directions to the patient is called the
signature (Sig)
sol
solution
3 mL syringe/ 27G, 1/2 inch needle
subcutaneous injection (SC)
3 mL syringe/25-G 3/4 inch needle
subcutaneous injection (SC)
3 mL syringe/26G, 3/8 inch needle
subcutaneous injection (SC)
U-100 (1mL)/26-G, 1/2-inch needle (needle for indulin)
subcutaneous injection (SC)
Tbs
tablespoon
tbsp
tablespoon
tab
tablet
Rx
take
tsp
teaspoon
kL
kiloliter
km
kilometer
disadvantages to oral medication are
* irritation of the stomach * discoloration of the team
Data about drug administration to be entered into the patient's chart
*patients name, *date and time of administration, *name of medication and the amount administered *route by which the medication was administered *any unusual reactions experience by the patient, * any complications in administering the drug * if the medication was not given state why and dispose of the medication according to agency policy and federal and state law * patient data, such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, when appropriate *Your name and signature and Title
1 mcg (micrograms) is equal to
0.001 milligrams
medication errors
1. A drug is given to the wrong person 2. The incorrect drug is given 3. The drug is given via an incorrect route 4. The drug is given at the incorrect time 5. incorrect does is administered 6. and correct data are entered on the patient's chart or electronic medical record
approximately how much of the drugs approved by the FDA or indicated for pediatric use
1/4
Intradermal injection (ID)
10-15° angle
1 kg is equal to
2.2 pounds
subcutaneous injection (SC)
45° angle
The hard copy of the prescription is filed and cat for a minimum of
7 years
intramuscular injection (IM)
90° angle
nomogram
A graph that shows the relationship among numerical values; an estimate of body surface area (BSA) of a patient can be determined by using and nomogram
body surface area (BSA)
A highly accurate method for calculating medication dosage for infants and children up to 12 years of age.
hypoxemia
A lack of oxygen in the blood.
which of the following insulins have the most rapid onset?
Humalog
apnea
The absence of breathing.
meniscus
The convex or concave upper surface of a column of liquid in a container is known as
what is a medication order?
The medication order is given by the provider. It is for a specific patient and denotes the drug to be given the dosage, the form of the drug, the time for or frequency of administration and the route by which the drug is to be given.
The metric prefixes I refers to 1000 units is
kilo-
right documentation
The recording process is the vital link between provider, patient, and medical assistant. The patient's chart is a legal document there for all data should be corrected in ink or entered into the computer. The data should be accurate and clearly stated.
Pharmacokinetics
The way the drug is handled by the body
insulin dependent diabetes is termed
Type I
medications that are irritating to the tissues should be injected using what method
Z-track
two methods used to calculate pediatric dosage of medication are
according to kilogram of body weight, according to body surface area
p
after
pc
after meals
factors that can affect medication dosage
age, weight, sex, other factors; physical/emotional condition of patient, disease process, especially kidney disease,presence of more than one disease process, causative micro organisms and the severity of the infection, patient's medical history allergies and idiosyncrasies, safe this method,route,time and amount to affect the desire maximum results
guidelines for the administration of medications include
always check the expiration date on a medication that is to be given
ad lib
as desired
pm
as needed
The gentle pulling back of the plunger of the syringe to assure the needle tip is not in a blood vessel is called
aspiration
stat
at once
The following is a part of a syringe
barrow, plunger
right patient
before administering any medication always be sure that you have the right patient.
ac
before meals
injection should be avoided in which areas?
burns, inflamed areas, previous injection sites
po
by mouth
per
by or with
cap
capsule
cg
centigram
cL
centiliter
cm
centimeter
pre-cautious with and when administering insulin include which of the following?
check the label for the name and type of insulin
kg
kilogram
elix
elixir
q
every
q (2,3,4) h
every (2,3,4) hours
qh
every hour
qid
four times a day
grains
gr
gr
grain
Gm, g
gram
g
gram
hg
hectogram
hL
hectoliter
hm
hectometer
h
hour
A potential hazard of medication administration but intramuscular injection is
injury to bone, nerves, or blood vessel Breaking of the needle injecting into a blood vessel
1 mL syringe/26G, 3/8 inch needle
intradermal injection (ID)
IM
intramuscular
3 mL syringe/21G, 1 1/2 to 2 inch needle
intramuscular injection (IM)
3 mL syringe/23G,1 inch needle
intramuscular injection (IM)
3-mL syringe/ 22 -G, 1 1/2 inch needle
intramuscular injection (IM)
IV
intravenous
unit does
is a pre-measured amount of medication, individually packaged on a per dose basis
precipitate
is a substance in the form of fine particles that separates from a solution that is allowed to stand for a period of time.
right dose
it is essential that the patient receives the right does if the dose ordered and the dose on hand are not the same carefully determine the correct dose through mathematical calculations and have another qualified person to verify the accuracy of your calculation before the medication is administered.
tid
three times a day
tr
tincture
right drug
to be sure that the correct drug has been selected, compare the medication order with the label on the medication bottle. First; when the medication is taken from the storage area. Second; just before removing it from its container. Third: on returning the medication container to storage or before discarding the empty container.
taut
to stretch the skin, pulling it tight, when giving an intramuscular injection
bid
twice a day
dosage of insulin is always measured in
units
aq
water
c
with
s
without