Chapter 36 Plant Form Questions

Which of the following is responsible for keeping leaf surfaces cool and reducing evaporation? A) guard cells B) parenchyma cells C) trichomes D) vessels E) tracheids

Trichomes

True or false: Venus flytraps kill in large part for nitrogen yet cannot survive in a nitrogen-rich environment. A) true B) false

True

Rings in the stump of a tree reveal annual patterns of _______ growth. A) cortex B) vascular cambium C) dermal tissue D) cork cambium E) pith

Vascular Cambium

In roots, all the tissues interior to the _____ are collectively referred to as the stele. A) cortex B) endodermis C) pericycle D) pith E) xylem

Endodermis

Palisade and spongy parenchyma are typically found in the mesophyll of >monocots. >eudicots. >monocots and eudicots. >neither monocots nor eudicots

Eudicots

Roots differ from stems because roots lack >vessel elements. >nodes. >an epidermis. >ground tissue

Nodes

Which statement is correct concerning stomata? A) Stomata are formed by guard cells and cells with many pores. B) A stoma is the space between two guard cells. C) Guard cells, like other epidermal cells, do not contain chloroplasts. D) Stomata exchange carbon dioxide, oxygen and liquid water.

A stoma is the space between two guard cells

The function of guard cells is to >allow carbon dioxide uptake >repel insects and other herbivores. >support leaf tissue >allow water uptak

Allow carbon dioxide uptake

Leaves often form at the nodes of a stem. What other structure is established at the nodes? A) An axillary bud, a product of primary shoot apical meristem. B) A petiole, which forms below the leaf and props up the tissue that joins the leaf to the stem. C) A terminal bud, which creates branching patterns in plants. D) Internodes, which split at each node to create more branches. E) Bundle scars, which allow the material above the node to slough off during seasons that don't favor growth.

An axillary bud, a product of primary shoot apical meristem

Which of the following plant cell type is mismatched to its function? >Xylem—conducts mineral nutrients >Phloem—serves as part of the bark >Trichomes—reduces evaporation >Collenchyma—performs photosynthesis

Collenchyma—performs photosynthesis

Which of the following modified stem forms is correctly matched with its description? A) Bulb; horizontal stem which grows under the soil. B) Tuber; a flattened, photosynthetic stem resembling a leaf. C) Corm; an underground stem which resembles a bulb but has no fleshy leaves. D) Stolon; an accumulation of storage materials at the tip of a rhizome. E) Tendril; a horizontal stem that has long internodes and grows above the soil surface (similar to a runner).

Corm; an underground stem which resembles a bulb but has no fleshy leaves

Why does girdling a plant (removing a longitudinal section of tissue from the stem exterior to the vascular cambium) eventually kill it? A) Exterior to the vascular cambium is the bark. Removing the bark will damage the phloem and could thereby kill the tree through starvation of the roots. B) By removing material outside the vascular cambium, there will be no xylem or phloem to provide nutrition to distant parts of the plant. C) Water won't be able to travel from the soil to the leaves because vascular tissue was removed. D) Removing so much material will result in infection that inevitably kills the plant. E) Having a ring of damaged tissue extend the entire girth of the stem results in excessive energy being devoted to repair. This unfocused response means that resources are wasted trying to fix all the hurt areas at once.

Exterior to the vascular cambium is the bark. Removing the bark will damage the phloem and could thereby kill the tree through starvation of the roots

Select the true comment about mature sclerenchyma cells. A) thin walled and contain no living protoplasts B) thin walled and often contain chloroplasts C) lignified and contain living protoplasts D) thick walled and contain living protoplasts E) lignified and usually contain no living protoplasts

Lignified and usually contain no living protoplasts

Root hairs form in the zone of >cell division >elongation >maturation >more than one of the choices are correct

Maturation

Which statement about meristem cells in incorrect? >One daughter cell of a dividing meristem cell remains meristematic and the other differentiates. >Meristem cells have secondary cell walls for protection. >Leaf primordia protect shoot apical meristems. >Root apical meristems are protected by root caps.

Meristem cells have secondary cell walls for protection.

Which statement is NOT correct concerning parenchyma cells. A) The most common type of plant cell. B) Function in the storage of food and water. C) Less specialized than other cells. D) Photosynthetic parenchyma cells are called "chlorenchyma". E) None of the statements are incorrect.

None of the statements are incorrect

How are palisade mesophyll and stomata positioned usually in eudicot leaves? A) palisade/lower epidermis; stomata/ lower epidermis B) palisade/upper epidermis; stomata/ upper epidermis C) palisade/lower epidermis; stomata/ upper epidermis D) palisade/upper epidermis; stomata/ lower epidermis

Palisade/upper epidermis; stomata/ lower epidermis

Haustoria are a form of ____ roots. A) aerial B) adventitious C) buttress D) parasitic E) food storage

Parasitic

Which tissue is not part of periderm? A) cork B) cork phelloderm C) cork cambium D) phloem

Phloem

Select the correct matching of vascular tissue with function and elements. A) Xylem/food/tracheids B) xylem/water/sieve cells C) phloem/food/sieve-tube members D) phloem/water/sieve cells

Phloem/water/sieve cells

Unlike eudicot stems, monocot stems lack >vascular bundles. >parenchyma >pith. >epidermis.

Pith

Which of the following is not a basic plant tissue? A) pith B) ground tissue C) dermal tissue D) vascular tissue E) All of the selections are basic tissues.

Pith

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the stems of vascular plants? >Stems are composed of repeating segments, including nodes and internodes. >Primary growth only occurs at the shoot apical meristem. >Vascular tissues may be arranged on the outside of the stem or scattered throughout the stem. >Stems can contain stomata

Primary growth only occurs at the shoot apical meristem.

What does the outward cell division of the root apical meristem produce? A) root hairs B) xylem C) branch roots D) root cap E) pith parenchyma

Root Cap

Select the material, cell, organelle or tissue that is NOT relevant to gravity detection in plants. A) plastid B) starch grain C) columella cell D) amyloplast E) root hair

Root Hair

How is a root hair different from a trichome? A) Root hairs are made from many cells extending from the epidermis. Trichomes are extensions of epidermal cells. B) Root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells without cross-walls isolating them from the rest of their cells. On the other hand, trichomes are a cellular or multicellular outgrowths of the epidermis. C) Root hairs are glandular, providing nutrients for symbiotic associations with soil fungi, while trichomes cannot serve as glands. D) All of the choices distinguish root hairs from trichomes. E) None of the choices distinguish correctly between root hairs and trichomes.

Root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells without cross-walls isolating them from the rest of their cells. On the other hand, trichomes are a cellular or multicellular outgrowths of the epidermis

In vascular plants, one difference between root and shoot systems is that >root systems cannot undergo secondary growth. >root systems undergo secondary growth, but do not form bark. >root systems contain pronounced zones of cell elongation, whereas shoot systems do not. >root systems can store food reserves, whereas stem structures do not.

Root systems undergo secondary growth, but do not form bark.

The primary cell wall occurs farther from the plasma membrane than the secondary cell wall. Why is this? A) Enzymes diffuse away from the membrane, and thus they tend to have more activity farther away. B) The middle lamella, which causes plant cells to stick together, is responsible for the primary wall, while the cell membrane has the enzyme structures for making the secondary wall. C) Rosettes in the cell membrane lay down successive cell wall layers. Thus, the primary cell wall is formed first with the secondary wall pushing it outward over time. D) The primary cell wall is digested by the rosettes which eventually create the secondary wall in order to create room for the new material. E) Cellulose expands as it forms the semicrystalline wall, leading to older material being moved outward over time.

Rosettes in the cell membrane lay down successive cell wall layers. Thus, the primary cell wall is formed first with the secondary wall pushing it outward over time

What gives pears gritty texture within their soft flesh? A) sclereids B) collenchyma C) tracheids D) parenchyma E) pits

Sclereids

Which cells lack living protoplasts at maturity? >parenchyma >companion >collenchyma >sclerenchyma

Sclerenchyma

Why is the Golgi body so important to root cap cells? A) The Golgi has ribosomes within it so that it can manufacture quantities of protein necessary to speed repair of its cells, which are easily damaged. B) The vesicles which come from the Golgi are released directly to the exterior of the cell that coat the root and prevent damage. C) Golgi membranes are worn off during root growth, so many of them are required to replace lost members. D) Secretions from the Golgi bodies pass through the cell walls to the outside. The secretions both lubricate the roots as they push through the soil and promote the growth of beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria. E) The Golgi bodies sense gravity using starch granules and so having many of them present speeds sensing and responding to changes in the gravitational direction.

Secretions from the Golgi bodies pass through the cell walls to the outside. The secretions both lubricate the roots as they push through the soil and promote the growth of beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria

The food-conducting cells in an oak tree are called >tracheids. >vessels. >companion cells. >sieve-tube members

Sieve-tube Members

Which of the following modified leaf forms is correctly matched with its description? A) Bract; a cone-shaped leaf with transparent tips. It remains buried but admits light to its center. B) Insectivorous leaf; produces tiny, complete plantlets along its margin. C) Window leaf; a leaf produced in the shade which has a large surface area but is thin with little mesophyll. D) Reproductive leaf; a leaf that traps insects. E) Spine; a leaf modified as spines. Cacti are an example.

Spine; a leaf modified as spines. Cacti are an example

What are the roles of SCARECROW (SCR) and WEREWOLF (WER) in root development? A) SCR makes the roots grow in absurd directions (as if there's no "brain" controlling them). WER makes roots "hairy" because it stimulates excessive differentiation of hairs from root epidermal cells. B) The wer protein results in cells with lots of root hairs, while scr creates a skinny root. C) The scr allele creates a skinny root (like a scarecrow that has lost its stuffing), while the wer allele attacks neighboring cells, killing them. D) Protein from SCR "turns on" the WER genes. E) The WER protein suppresses root hair development, while SCR creates and inner cell layer of endodermis surrounded by an outer layer of ground tissue.

The WER protein suppresses root hair development, while SCR creates and inner cell layer of endodermis surrounded by an outer layer of ground tissue

Meristems act as origins of new tissues in a plant. What is the specific role of a lateral meristem? A) These give rise to leaves, which occur on each side of the shoot apical meristem. B) The lateral meristem is involved in the thickening of roots and shoots. C) Leaves are able to expand to form a sheet through the action of lateral meristems. D) Branches sprout out sideways through the activity of lateral meristems. E) Formation of large sideways expansion of plants occurs from lateral meristems, leading to the "bushy" appearance created by adding large boughs.

The lateral meristem is involved in the thickening of roots and shoots

Which of the following is not derived from apical meristem? A) protoderm B) vascular cambium C) procambium D) ground meristem E) primary meristem

Vascular Cambium

What form of xylem elements appear to conduct water most efficiently? A) sieve cells B) vessels C) tracheids D) sieve tubes E) rays

Vessels