chapter 39 (371)
A client has been prescribed a protein intake of 0.6 g/kg of body weight. The client weighs 154 pounds. The nurse calculates the daily protein intake to be how many grams? Enter the correct number ONLY.
42
The nurse is caring for a client with a new jejunostomy tube. Which interventions will the nurse add to the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.
Assess skin for signs of infection Provide aseptic daily wound care Begin feedings 4 hours after insertion Provide 30 mL of sterile water after tube insertion
A client is scheduled to receive a 25% dextrose solution of parenteral nutrition. What actions are a priority for the nurse to perform prior to administration? Select all that apply.
Ensure availability of an infusion pump Ensure completion of baseline monitoring of the complete blood count (CBC) and chemistry panel Place a 1.5-micron filter on the tubing
A client has been receiving intermittent tube feedings for several days at home. The nurse notes the findings as shown in the accompanying documentation. The nurse reports the following as an adverse reaction to the tube feeding:
Fasting blood glucose level
Postoperatively, a client with a radical neck dissection should be placed in which position?
Fowler
A client with a diagnosis of late-stage Alzheimer disease has begun supplemental feedings through a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which of the nurse's assessments addresses this client's most significant potential complication of feeding?
Frequent lung auscultation
Which of the following assessment findings would be most important for indicating dumping syndrome in a postgastrectomy client?
Weakness, diaphoresis, diarrhea 90 minutes after eating
The client is receiving 50% dextrose parenteral nutrition with fat emulsion therapy through a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). The nurse has developed a care plan for the nursing diagnosis "Risk for infection related to contamination of the central catheter site or infusion line." The nurse includes the intervention
Wear a face mask during dressing changes.
A graduate nurse is cleaning a central venous access device (CVAD) and is being evaluated by the preceptor nurse. The preceptor nurse makes a recommendation for relearning the skill when she notes the graduate nurse does the following action:
Wipes catheter ports from distal end to insertion site
A client is postoperative following a graft reconstruction of the neck. What intervention is the mostimportant for the nurse to complete with the client?
Assess the graft for color and temperature.
A client with achalasia recently underwent pneumatic dilation. The nurse intervenes after the procedure by
Assessing lung sounds
A client's new onset of dysphagia has required insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube for feeding. What intervention should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?
Confirm placement of the tube prior to each medication administration.
A client has received treatment for oral cancer. The combination of medications and radiotherapy has resulted in leukopenia. What is the nurse's best response to this change in health status?
Ensure that none of the client's visitors have an infection.
An older adult client seeks medical attention for a report of general difficulty swallowing. Which assessment finding is most significant as related to this symptom?
Esophageal tumor
The nurse assesses a patient who recently had a nasoenteric intubation. Symptoms of oliguria, lethargy, and tachycardia in the patient would indicate to the nurse what common complication?
Fluid volume deficit
A patient is receiving parenteral nutrition. The current solution is nearing completion, and a new solution is to be hung, but it has not arrived from the pharmacy. Which action by the nurse would be most appropriate?
Hang a solution of dextrose 10% and water until the new solution is available.
The nurse is assessing the skin graft site of a client who has undergone a radical neck dissection. The skin graft site is pink. The nurse documents which result?
Healthy graft
A nurse is performing health education with a client who has a history of frequent, serious dental caries. When planning educational interventions, the nurse should identify a risk for what nursing diagnosis?
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements
The health care provider orders the insertion of a single lumen nasogastric tube. When gathering the equipment for the insertion, what will the nurse select?
Levin tube
A client is receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) through a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and will be discharged home with PN. The home health nurse evaluates the home setting and would make a recommendation when noticing which circumstance?
No land line; cell phone available and taken by family member during working hours
A client recovering from gastric bypass surgery accidentally removes the nasogastric tube. What is the best action by the nurse?
Notify the surgeon about the tube's removal.
A client with an esophageal stricture is about to undergo esophageal dilatation. As the bougies are passed down the esophagus, the nurse should instruct the client to do which action to minimize the vomiting urge?
Take long, slow breaths
A client with dysphagia is being prepared for discharge. Which outcome indicates that the client is ready for discharge?
The client is free from esophagitis and achalasia.
A nurse is caring for a client who needs a nasogastric (NG) tube for a tube feeding. What is the safe method for the nurse to use to measure the appropriate length of the NG tube?
The distance measured from the tip of the nose to the earlobe and from the earlobe to the xiphoid process
A client is postoperative day 1 following gastrostomy. The nurse is planning interventions to address the nursing diagnosis of Risk for Infection Related to Presence of Wound and Tube. What intervention is most appropriate?
Wash the area around the tube with soap and water daily.
As part of the process of checking the placement of a nasogastric tube, the nurse checks the pH of the aspirate. Which pH finding would indicate to the nurse that the tube is in the stomach?
4
A nurse is interviewing a patient to determine suitability for home parenteral nutrition. Which patient statement would alert the nurse to a potential problem?
"I have a telephone, but it has been shut off because my bill is overdue."
A nurse is caring for a patient with a Salem sump gastric tube attached to low intermittent suction for decompression. The patient asks, "What's this blue part of the tube for?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
"It is a vent that prevents backflow of the secretions."
The nurse is conducting a health instruction program on oral cancer. The nurse determines that the participants understand the instructions when they state
"Many oral cancers produce no symptoms in the early stages."
The nurse is teaching a client with a family history of oral cancer about the early stage of the disease. Which statement(s) should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
"The early stage of oral cancer is characteristically asymptomatic." "A lesion, lump, or other abnormality may be present on the lips or mouth."
A patient has a gastric sump tube inserted and attached to low intermittent suction. The physician has ordered the tube to be irrigated with 30 mL of normal saline every 6 hours. When reviewing the patient's intake and output record for the past 24 hours, the nurse would expect to note that the patient received how much fluid with the irrigation?
120
The client has the intake and output shown in the accompanying chart for an 8-hour shift. What is the positive fluid balance?
260
The nurse inserts a nasogastric tube into the right nares of a patient. When testing the tube aspirate for pH to confirm placement, what does the nurse anticipate the pH will be if placement is in the lungs?
6
A patient is receiving a continuous tube feeding. The nurse notes that the feeding tube was last irrigated at 2 p.m. The nurse would plan to irrigate the tube again at which time?
6 p.m. to 8 p.m.
A client is recovering from a neck dissection. What volume of serosanguineous secretions would the nurse expect to drain over the first 24 hours?
80 to 120 mL
When assessing a client during a routine checkup, the nurse reviews the history and notes that the client had aphthous stomatitis at the time of the last visit. How is aphthous stomatitis best described by the nurse?
A canker sore of the oral soft tissues
Which clinical manifestation is not associated with hemorrhage?
Bradycardia
The nurse is caring for a client recovering from open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) of the mandible. Which teachings will the nurse provide to the client after the surgery? Select all that apply.
Abstain from smoking Refrain from ingesting alcohol Use medicated oral rinses as prescribed Follow a liquid or soft diet for 4 to 6 weeks
The nurse is caring for a patient who has dumping syndrome from high-carbohydrate foods being administered over a period of fewer than 20 minutes. What is a nursing measure to prevent or minimize the dumping syndrome?
Administer the feeding with the patient in semi-Fowler's position to decrease the effect of gravity on transit time.
A client is recovering from percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement. The nurse
Administers an initial bolus of 50 mL water
The nurse is inserting a nasogastric tube for a patient with pancreatitis. What intervention can the nurse provide to allow facilitation of the tube insertion?
Allow the patient to sip water as the tube is being inserted.
A client who had a hemiglossectomy earlier in the day is assessed postoperatively, revealing a patent airway, stable vital signs, and no bleeding or drainage from the operative site. The nurse notes the client is alert. What is the client's priority need at this time?
An effective means of communicating with the nurse
A nurse is completing an assessment on a client with a postoperative neck dissection. The nurse notices excessive bleeding from the dressing site and suspects possible carotid artery rupture. What action should the nurse take first?
Apply pressure to the bleeding site
A nurse caring for a client who has had radical neck surgery notices an abnormal amount of serosanguineous secretions in the wound suction unit during the first postoperative day. What is an expected, normal amount of drainage?
Approximately 80 to 120 mL
While caring for a patient who has had radical neck surgery, the nurse notices an abnormal amount of serosanguineous secretions in the wound suction unit during the first postoperative day. What does the nurse know is an expected amount of drainage in the wound unit?
Approximately 80 to 120 mL
The nurse is preparing to receive a client on the medical-surgical floor who has undergone neck dissection surgery. Which actions will the nurse take to assess for potential hemorrhage from the surgical site? Select all that apply.
Assess for epigastric pain Observe dressing for bleeding Instruct to avoid the Valsalva maneuver Monitor vital signs every 4 hours when stable
A nonresponsive client has a nasogastric tube to low intermittent suction due to gastrointestinal bleeding. It is most important for the nurse to
Auscultate lung sounds every 4 hours.
A client has been receiving radiation therapy to the lungs and now has erythema, edema, and pain of the mouth. What instruction will the nurse give to the client?
Brush and floss daily.
The nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who is not able to tolerate brushing his teeth. The nurse includes which mouth irrigation in the plan of care?
Baking soda and water
The primary source of microorganisms for catheter-related infections are the skin and which of the following?
Catheter hub
A nurse providing care to a patient who is receiving nasogastric tube feedings finds that the tube is clogged. Which of the following is no longer considered appropriate to use to unclog the tube?
Cranberry juice
Prior to a client's scheduled jejunostomy, the nurse is performing the preoperative assessment. What goal should the nurse prioritize during the preoperative assessment?
Determining the client's ability to understand and cooperate with the procedure
A nurse is assessing a client receiving tube feedings and suspects dumping syndrome. What would lead the nurse to suspect this? Select all that apply.
Diarrhea Tachycardia Diaphoresis
Which is the primary symptom of achalasia?
Difficulty swallowing
A client receiving tube feedings to the duodenum develops nausea, cramping, and diarrhea. For which condition should the nurse plan care for this client?
Dumping syndrome
The nurse is obtaining a history on a patient who comes to the clinic. What symptom described by the patient is one of the first symptoms associated with esophageal disease?
Dysphagia
The nurse is teaching a client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about how to reduce reflux. What should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
Encourage the client to eat frequent, small, well-balanced meals. Inform the client to remain upright for at least 2 hours after meals. Instruct the client to avoid alcohol or tobacco products. Instruct the client to eat slowly and chew the food thoroughly.
Cancer of the esophagus is most often diagnosed by which of the following?
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with biopsy and brushings
A client has a new order for metoclopramide. The nurse identifies that this medication can be safely administered for which condition?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
A patient describes a burning sensation in the esophagus, pain when swallowing, and frequent indigestion. What does the nurse suspect that these clinical manifestations indicate?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastrostomy feedings are preferred to nasogastric feedings in the comatose patient, because the:
Gastroesophageal sphincter is intact, lessening the possibility of regurgitation and aspiration.
The nurse is caring for a comatose patient and administering gastrostomy feedings. What does the nurse understand is the reason that gastrostomy feedings are preferred to nasogastric (NG) feedings in the comatose patient?
Gastroesophageal sphincter is intact, lessening the possibility of regurgitation.
A client is being evaluated for esophageal cancer. What initial manifestation of esophageal cancer should the nurse assess?
Increasing difficulty in swallowing
A nurse is inserting a nasogastric tube in an alert client. During the procedure, the client begins to cough constantly and has difficulty breathing. The nurse suspects the nasogastric tube is
Inserted into the lungs
A client has a cheesy white plaque in the mouth. The plaque looks like milk curds and can be rubbed off. What is the nurse's best intervention?
Instruct the client to swish prescribed nystatin solution for 1 minute.
The nurse is managing a gastric (Salem) sump tube for a patient who has an intestinal obstruction and will be going to surgery. What interventions should the nurse perform to make sure the tube is functioning properly?
Keep the vent lumen above the patient's waist to prevent gastric content reflux.
When assisting with the plan of care for a client receiving tube feedings, which of the following would the nurse include to reduce the client's risk for aspiration?
Keeping the client in a semi-Fowler's position at all times.
A client who reports increasing difficulty swallowing, weight loss, and fatigue is diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Because this client has difficulty swallowing, what should the nurse assign highest priority to?
Maintaining a patent airway
A client with cancer has a neck dissection and laryngectomy. An intervention that the nurse will do is:
Make a notation on the call light system that the client cannot speak.
A nurse is preparing to perform a dressing change to the site of a client's central venous catheter used for parenteral nutrition. Which equipment and supplies would the nurse need to gather? Select all that apply.
Masks Skin antiseptic Alcohol wipes Sterile gauze pads
The nurse cares for a client who receives continuous enteral tube feedings and who is at low risk for aspiration. The nurse assesses the gastric residual volume to be 350 mL. The nurse determines which action is correct?
Monitoring the feeding closely.
The nurse working in the recovery room is caring for a client who had a radical neck dissection. The nurse notices that the client makes a coarse, high-pitched sound upon inspiration. Which intervention by the nurse is appropriate?
Notify the physician
A client has been taking a 10-day course of antibiotics for pneumonia. The client has been having white patches that look like milk curds in the mouth. What treatment will the nurse educate the client about?
Nystatin
An elderly client comes into the emergency department reporting an earache. The client and has an oral temperature of 37.9° (100.2ºF) and otoscopic assessment of the ear reveals a pearly gray tympanic membrane with no evidence of discharge or inflammation. Which action should the triage nurse take next?
Palpate the client's parotid glands to detect swelling and tenderness.
The client has returned to the floor following a radical neck dissection. Anesthesia has worn off. What is the nurse's priority action?
Place the client in the Fowler's position.
A client with cancer of the tongue has had a radical neck dissection. What nursing assessment should the nurse prioritize?
Respiratory status and airway clearance
A nursing educator reviewing the care of clients with feeding and endotracheal tubes (ET) emphasizes the need to check for tube placement in the stomach as well as residual volume. What is the main purpose of this nursing action?
Prevent aspiration
A nurse practitioner, who is treating a patient with GERD, knows that this type of drug helps treat the symptoms of the disease. The drug classification is:
Proton pump inhibitors.
A patient has been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. The nurse explains the diagnosis to the patient and his family by telling them that a hernia is a (an):
Protrusion of the upper stomach into the lower portion of the thorax.
A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube for feeding. During shift assessment, the nurse auscultates a new onset of bilateral lung crackles and notes a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute. The client's oxygen saturation is 89% by pulse oximetry. After ensuring the client's immediate safety, what is the nurse's most appropriate action?
Report possible signs of aspiration pneumonia to the primary provider.
Which term is used to describe stone formation in a salivary gland, usually the submandibular gland?
Sialolithiasis
An older adult patient who has been living at home alone is diagnosed with parotitis. What causative bacteria does the nurse suspect is the cause of the parotitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
Select the assessment finding that the nurse should immediately report, post radical neck dissection.
Stridor
A client has a new order for metoclopramide. What extrapyramidal side effect should the nurse assess for in the client?
Uncontrolled rhythmic movements of the face or limbs
A client with a nasogastric tube set to low intermittent suction is receiving D51/2NS at 100 mL/hr. The nurse has identified a nursing diagnosis of deficient fluid volume. Which of the following are data that support this diagnosis? Select all that apply.
Urine output that decreased from 60 to 40 mL/hr Heart rate that increased from 82 to 98 beats/min within 2 hours Fluid output of 2150 mL and total fluid intake of 2000 mL for the past 24 hours
A client receives tube feedings after an oral surgery. The nurse manages tube feedings to minimize the risk of aspiration. Which measure should the nurse include in the care plan to reduce the risk of aspiration?
Use semi-Fowler position during, and 60 minutes after, an intermittent feeding.
Cardiac complications, which may occur following resection of an esophageal tumor, are associated with irritation of which nerve at the time of surgery?
Vagus
Which of the following is the most common type of diverticulum?
Zenker's diverticulum
The nurse confirms placement of a client's nasogastric (NG) tube using a combination of visual and pH assessment of the aspirate. The nurse determines that the NG tube remains properly placed when the pH of the aspirate is
acidic
The term for a reddened circumscribed lesion that ulcerates and becomes crusted and is a primary lesion of syphilis is a(n)
chancre
A client who can't tolerate oral feedings begins receiving intermittent enteral feedings. When monitoring for evidence of intolerance to these feedings, what must the nurse remain alert for?
diaphoresis, vomiting, and diarrhea.
The client is experiencing swallowing difficulties and is now scheduled to receive a gastric feeding. The client has the following oral medications prescribed: furosemide, digoxin, enteric coated aspirin, and vitamin E. The nurse would withhold which medication?
enteric coated aspirin
The nurse provides health teaching to inform the client with oral cancer that
many oral cancers produce no symptoms in the early stages.
The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a slightly overweight client seen in the Emergency Department with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The nurse notes in the client's record that the client is taking carbidopa/levodopa. Which order for the client by the health care provider should the nurse question?
metoclopramide
The healthcare provider of a client with oral cancer has ordered the placement of a GI tube to provide nutrition and to deliver medications. What would be the preferred route?
nasogastric intubation
The nurse teaches an unlicensed caregiver about bathing clients who are receiving tube feedings. The most significant complication related to continuous tube feedings is the
potential risk for aspiration.
The client is on a continuous tube feeding. The nurse determines the tube placement should be checked every
shift
The nurse is caring for client scheduled to undergo radical neck dissection. During preoperative teaching, the nurse states that an associated complication is
shoulder drop.
