Chapter 4
A wall made of Earth and Stone
Earthwork
The Inca sheared wool from ________ to create colorful textiles to be worn as clothing or as adornments, such as belts and bags.
alpacas
Which phrase correctly replaces the "?" in this chart?
believed in the existence of multiple gods
a communal village built by Indians in the southwestern United States
pueblo
Some of the earthworks were large burial mounds, others served as platforms for structures such as temples, and still others served as defensive walls. Mounds were usually cone-shaped, oval, or formed into the shape of an animal. Which civilization was responsible for building the structures described in this text?
Adena
In the Empire, close knit village
Ayllu
an ancient settlement of southern Indians, located near present day St. Louis, it served as a trading center for 40,000 at its peak in A.D. 1200.
Cahokia
floating farming islands made by the Aztec
Chinampas
The capital city of the Incan Empire, Located in present-day Peru
Cuzco
"The Sapa Inca was believed to be descended from the sun god, Inti, and was worshipped by his people as a god. Traditionally, the Sapa Inca married his eldest sister, who became known as the Coya." —Hazel Richardson, Life in Ancient South America Which statement is true of the person discussed above?
He kept the people fed and public works projects staffed using a labor tax.
Which statement is true about the Sapa Inca in this picture?
He sent spies into enemy territory to gain intelligence.
The Pima and Papago are descendants of the ________, also known as the "Vanished Ones."
Hohokams
Which statement is true of the potlatch ceremony depicted in this image?
In this ceremony, people shared their surplus wealth with others.
Another great Native American civilization. Settled in Peru. Conquered by Pizarro.
Incans
Incan Sun God
Inti
"I, Dekanawidah, and the confederate lords now uproot the tallest pine tree and into the cavity [hole] thereby made we cast all weapons of war. Into the depths of the earth . . . we cast all weapons of strife [conflict]. We bury them from sight forever and plant again the tree. Thus shall all Great Peace be established and hostilities shall no longer be known between the Five Nations but only peace to a united people." —The Constitution of the Five Nations The political organization described in this quotation was known as the ________ League.
Iroquois
political alliance of five Iroquois groups, known as the Five Nations, in the late 1500s
Iroquois League
Based on your knowledge of Olmec civilization, this stone carving best shows which of the following?
It indicates the Olmec could organize massive public labor projects.
Mesa Verde, Spanish for "green table," offers a spectacular look into the lives of the Ancestral Pueblo people who made it their home for over 700 years, from A.D. 600 to 1300. Which statement is true of the dwelling described in this text?
It offered protection from intruders.
Which statement is true of this geoglyph?
It was made by clearing away rocks and soil.
a round room used by the Pueblo peoples for religious ceremonies
Kiva
Which culture developed an understanding of this concept? From placeholder to the driver of calculus, zero has crossed the greatest minds and most diverse borders since it was born many centuries ago. Today, zero is perhaps the most pervasive global symbol known. In the story of zero, something can be made out of nothing.
Maya
The largest complex of Anasazi cliff-dwellings in the United States Southwest, built between about AD 1150 and AD 1300
Mesa Verde
A geographic region in the western hemisphere that was home of the Mayan and Aztec civilizations.
Mesoamerica
South American civilization which rose to power following the collapse of the Chavin in the Andes
Moche Civilization
The language spoken by the Aztecs was known as
Nahuatl.
a civilization that flourished on what is now the southern coast of Peru from about 200 B.C. to A.D. 600.
Nazca
The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., these people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction.
Olmec
Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca
Pachacuti
Inca religion culminated in the worship of the sun, which was presided over by the priests of the last native pre-Columbian conquerors of the Andean regions of South America. Which statement correctly describes a feature of the religion mentioned in this text?
People offered food, clothing, and drink to the guardian spirits of the home and the village.
A Native American celebration meant to show wealth and divide property among the people
Potlatch
The largest Anasazi pueblo, built in New Mexico in the A.D. 900s
Pueblo Bonito
The emperor of the Incan Empire. People believed that he was descended from the sun god.
Sapa Inca
first major metropolis in Mesoamerica, collapsed around 800 CE. It is most remembered for the gigantic "pyramid of the sun".
Teotihuacan
Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of the Inca civilization?
The Inca emperor owned all the land and people in his empire.
"In human memory, I believe that there is no account of a road as great as this, running through deep valleys, high mountains, banks of snow, torrents of water, living rocks, and wild rivers . . . In all places it was clean and swept free of refuse, with lodgings, storehouses, Sun temples, and posts along the route. Oh! Can anything similar be claimed for Alexander [the Great] or any of the [other] powerful kings who ruled the world . . .?" —Pedro Cieza de Léon, Spanish explorer admiring an ancient road system What was significant about the roads described here?
They allowed armies and news to move rapidly throughout the empire.
Before the Maya developed large population centers, like those later constructed by the Inca and Aztecs, they lived scattered across the land. They developed two farming methods that allowed them to thrive in the tropical environment. Which farming method indicated in this text was adopted by the Maya?
They built raised fields along the banks of rivers to lift crops up above the annual floodwaters.
Between A.D. 100 and A.D. 700, the Moche people—named after their most famous city—forged a civilization along the arid north coast of Peru." Which statement is true of the people described in this quotation?
They constructed the largest adobe structures in the ancient Americas.
Which statement correctly describes a feature of the city-states shown in this map?
They maintained regular contact through a system of economic exchange.
Which statement is true about these "floating gardens"?
They were used to raise maize, squash, and beans.
a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about AD 200 - AD 1000
Tiahuanaco
valley in Mexico in which the numerous Mesoamerican civilizations, including the Aztecs, arose
Valley of Mexico
son of Pachacuti, ruled from 1471-1493, expanded the empire and conquered Chimu in the north
Yupanqui
A brick or building material made of sun-dried earth and straw.
adobe
The Inuit constructed dome-shaped homes made from snow and ice called
igloos.
An early form of corn grown by Native Americans
maize
"It is said that when the [sun] was made, . . . there was fasting for four days. It is said that the moon would be the sun. And when four days were completed, it is said, the [sun] was made during the night . . . a very great fire was laid . . . into which was to leap, was to fall the moon—where he was to gain renown, glory: by which he would become the sun. And the moon thereupon went to leap into the fire. Then all the gods shouted, they said: "When [is this to be], O gods? Let the sun stop!" But little [Nanahuatzini] had already dared; he thereupon leaped into the fire. Thus he became the sun. —Fray Bernardino de Sahagún, in a translation of an Aztec text According to your knowledge of Aztec society, a member of which of the following classes most likely recorded the text above?
priests
The Ancestral Puebloanos used structures such as this one for
religious ceremonies and political meetings.
Which structures were constructed by the Maya?
tall stone monuments called stelae
Which list correctly replaces the "?" in this chart?
the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca