Chapter 4

A fudge-covered cookie contains 9 grams of fat, and there are three cookies in a serving. Calculate how much fat you would consume if you ate nine cookies. 27 grams 81 grams 105 grams 9 grams

81 grams

Identify the stage (or stages) of cellular respiration that occurs entirely outside of the mitochondria. Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Electron transport chain All of these

Glycolysis

How do we know green light is not absorbed by chlorophyll? Green light is the wavelength of light that is reflected instead of absorbed by the chloroplasts. Green light does not have enough energy to excite an electron in the photosystem. Not enough of the green light penetrates the ozone layer and makes it to the plant. Green light has such a small wavelength that most of it goes straight through the leaves without interacting with the chlorophyll.

Green light is the wavelength of light that is reflected instead of absorbed by the chloroplasts.

Why do you need oxygen? (What role does O2 play in aerobic respiration?) It is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain. It combines with acetyl-CoA at the start of the citric acid cycle. It combines with H2O to help drive the formation of ATP. It is given off as a by-product during the oxidation of pyruvate.

It is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.

Water behind a dam has a certain amount of stored energy that can be released as the water falls over the top of the dam. It may be enough energy to turn a mill wheel or an electricity-generating turbine. Choose the term that best describes the type of energy stored in the water at the top of the dam. Chemical Radiant Potential Kinetic

Potential

What is the role of mitochondria in plants? Produce ATP Produce sugars Photosynthesis None, as plants do not have mitochondria

Produce ATP

Organize the following steps of the light reaction in order. Absorb sunlight, split water, produce oxygen, produce high-energy electron carriers Absorb sunlight, produce oxygen, split water, produce high-energy electron carriers Absorb sunlight, produce high-energy electron carriers, split water, produce oxygen Absorb sunlight, produce high-energy electron carriers, produce oxygen, split water

Absorb sunlight, split water, produce oxygen, produce high-energy electron carriers

What is the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation? Lactic acid fermentation produces ATP, but alcohol fermentation does not. Lactic acid fermentation uses O2, but alcohol fermentation does not. Alcohol fermentation can provide all of the energy needs for organisms that use this type of energy metabolism, but lactic acid fermentation cannot. Alcohol fermentation produces carbon dioxide, but lactic acid fermentation does not.

Alcohol fermentation produces carbon dioxide, but lactic acid fermentation does not.

Which group includes photosynthetic members? Bacteria Protists Plants All of these

All of these

Choose the best explanation as to why both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration. Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the oxygen necessary to sustain life. Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the heat necessary to sustain life. Both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration to produce the sugars that will be "burned" to fuel the energy of life. Although they may obtain their sugars in different ways, both consumers and producers rely on cellular respiration to make ATP.

Although they may obtain their sugars in different ways, both consumers and producers rely on cellular respiration to make ATP.

Which arrow would be most closely related to kinetic energy? *Lizard* Arrow A, the tongue extending Arrow B, the bug being eaten Arrow C, sunlight striking the chameleon Arrow D, heat radiating from the chameleon

Arrow A, the tongue extending

Plastids are storage organelles. A chloroplast is a type of plastid. What does a chloroplast store? Energy Chlorophyll Carbon Electrons

Chlorophyll

The chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur in which cellular organelle? Ribosomes Chloroplasts Nucleus Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced? Fermentation Electron transport chain Glycolysis Citric acid cycle

Electron transport chain

In the 1640s, the Flemish chemist Jan Baptista van Helmont performed the classic experiment paraphrased below: I filled a pot with 200 pounds of dirt that had been dried in an oven. Then I planted the stem of a willow tree and watered it with rainwater. At the beginning, the willow stem weighed 5 pounds. For 5 years, I watered the tree with either rainwater or distilled water whenever it was needed. The pot was large, and planted in the ground. I covered the pot with an iron plate. This had many holes, which allowed water through but not dust. In this way, I could be assured that possible dust accumulation over these 5 years did not significantly add to the weight of the dirt. After 5 years, the tree weighed 169 pounds, and about 3 ounces. I did not take into account the weight of the leaves that fell each autumn. At length, I again dried the dirt, which weighed only 2 ounces less than the initial 200 pounds. I concluded that the 164 pounds of wood, bark, and roots, arose out of water only. In what way was Van Helmont's conclusion incorrect? He should have included the fallen leaves in his calculation. He should have kept careful measurements of the water he used. His conclusion would have been different if he had thoroughly dried the wood before determining the final mass of the tree. He did not account for the role of atmospheric carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

He did not account for the role of atmospheric carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

Where does cellular respiration occur? In the mitochondria In the nucleus In the airways of the respiratory system In the chloroplasts

In the mitochondria

What is the role of light in photosynthesis? It energizes electrons. It fixes carbon. It splits ATP molecules, which generates energy. It is the source for electrons.

It energizes electrons.

Which of the following is a waste product of photosynthesis? CO2 O2 H2O All of these

O2

Name the fluid-filled interior of the chloroplast. Grana Stroma Thylakoids None of these

Stroma

What is the definition of energy? The movement of an object The capacity to do work Particles moving in waves through a system The amount of order in a system

The capacity to do work

Why do some leaves change color (red, yellow, orange, etc.) in the fall? Because the leaves are dead. The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible. The chlorophyll molecule is modified to absorb different wavelengths of light. Cold weather denatures the chlorophyll molecule and it begins to reflect different colors.

The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible.

In a recent newspaper article promoting the eating of seaweed and seaweed products, the argument was made that doing so was a more efficient use of energy than eating animals. Why would eating seaweed be more energy efficient than eating an animal? The conversion of plant matter to animal matter produces less waste than converting animal material to animal material. Plant matter contains more energy per unit weight than does animal matter. The energy found in animal matter represents a fraction of the energy found in the plant matter eaten by the animal. It would be better to just eat the plant and skip a step. Plant matter contains more energy per unit volume than does animal matter.

The energy found in animal matter represents a fraction of the energy found in the plant matter eaten by the animal. It would be better to just eat the plant and skip a step.

Select the ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on this planet. Plants The sun Heat Sugar

The sun

Some bacteria are photosynthetic. Part of the definition of a prokaryote is that they have no membrane-bound organelles, including chloroplasts. Explain how bacteria carry out photosynthesis without chloroplasts. They carry out the steps of photosynthesis in their mitochondria. The entire bacteria cell is a chloroplast with a nucleus. The chlorophyll floats freely in the cell. They still have thylakoids, they just are not compartmentalized into chloroplasts.

They still have thylakoids, they just are not compartmentalized into chloroplasts.

How does CO2 enter a plant? Through the stroma Through the grana Through the stomata Through the roots

Through the stomata

Identify the principal role of cellular respiration. To convert the chemical energy of sugars into heat to maintain an elevated body temperature To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life's processes To convert kinetic energy into the chemical energy of sugars To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life's processes

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight. This energy is used to __________. convert carbon dioxide to sugar split water to produce O2 and high-energy electrons convert sugar to carbon dioxide and water synthesize cell molecules like cellulose

split water to produce O2 and high-energy electrons

In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide enters a leaf through pores called __________. vacuoles stomata grana chloroplasts

stomata

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy through an ecosystem? sunlight → chemical energy → heat sunlight → heat → chemical energy heat → sunlight → chemical energy chemical energy → heat → sunlight

sunlight → chemical energy → heat

Which stage of cellular respiration uses O2? the electron transport chain the citric acid cycle glycolysis both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain

the electron transport chain