Chapter 4

Positional family system

Emphasize the importance of holding the hierarchical power structure in the family exchange process

"Cultural pluralist" stance

Encourages a diversity of values providing strangers with wider latitude of norms from which to choose in their newfound homeland.

Ethnic oriented identity

Immigrants who identify strongly with ethnic traditions and values and weakly with the values of the dominant culture subscribe to the

Push motivational factors

Political, religious, and/or economic conditions

Local institutions

Serve as first-hand contact agencies that facilitate or impede the adaptation process of sojourner and immigrants

Ethnic identity salience

The subjective allegiance and loyalty to a group with which one has ancestral links

T/F Salience of cultural identity can operate on a conscious or an unconscious level.

True

the intercultural acculturation process

is defined as the degree of identity change that occurs when an individual moves from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one

Cultural identity

is the emotional significance that you attach to your since of belonging or affiliation with a larger culture

Pull motivational factors

Better chances for personal advancement and better job opportunities, educational opportunities, quality of life, better standard of living

Ethnicity

Can be based on national origin, race, religion, or language

Cultural knowledge

Can include information about cultural and ethnic history, geography, political and economic systems, religious and spiritual beliefs, etc

Interaction-based knowledge

Can include language, verbal and nonverbal styles, diversity-related communication issues

Symbolic identity

Celebrating an ethnic holiday as a symbolic gesture or being a "representative" for the group is an example of

Social identities

Consist of cultural or ethnic membership identity, gender identity, sexual orientation identity, social class identity, or professional identity

Extended family

Consists of extended kinship groups, such as grandparents, aunts and uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews.

"Cultural assimilation" stance

Demands that strangers conform to the host environment

symbolic identity

Fulfills the need to be from somewhere

Personal identities

Include any unique attributes that we associate with our individuated self in comparison with those of others.

Social identities

Include cultural or ethnic membership, gender, sexual orientation, social class, religious affiliation, age, disability, or professional identity.

Personal family system

Include the emphasis on personal, individualized meanings, negotiable roles between parents and children, and the emphasis of the interactive discussions within the family.

Pre-encounter

Individuals are naive, unaware of being ethnic group members. They may define themselves as Canadian, American, or Australian

Bicultural identity (integrative option)

Individuals who identify strongly with ethnic tradition, and at the same time incorporate values and practices of the larger society

Marginal identity

Individuals who identify weakly with their ethnic traditions and also weakly with the larger cultural world views are in the ____ state

Assimilated identity

Individuals who identify weakly with their ethnic traditions and values while identifying strongly with the values and norms of the larger culture tend to practice

Ethnic oriented identity

Individuals with this emphasize the value of retaining their ethnic culture and avoid interacting with the dominant group

Brewer's social identity complexity theory discusses how complex social identity formation can be understood from four patterns:

Intersection, dominance, compartmentalization, and merger

Acculturation

Involves the long-term conditioning process of newcomers in integrating the new values, norms, and symbols of their new culture and relooking new roles and skills to meets its demands

Identity

Is acquired via our interaction with others in particular cultural scenes

Cultural identity

Is defined as the emotional significance that we attach to our sense of belonging or affiliation with the larger culture

Ethnic identity

Is inherently a matter of ancestry, of beliefs about the origins of one's forebears

The pre-encounter stage

Is the high cultural identity salience phase wherein ethnic minority group members' self-concepts are influenced by the values and norms of the larger culture.

The encounter stage

Is the marginal identity phase, in which a new racial-ethnic realization is awakened in the individuals because of a racially shattering event (encountering racism) and they realize they cannot be fully accepted as part of the "white world"

Internalization-commitment stage

Is the phase in which individuals develop a secure racial-ethnic identity that is internally defined and at the same time are able to establish genuine interpersonal contacts with members of the dominant group and other multiracial groups

Immersion-emersion stage

Is the strong racial-ethnic identity salience phase, in which individuals withdraw to the safe confines of their own racial-ethnic groups and become ethnically conscious

Merger

Means the awareness of cross cutting social identity memberships in selves and recognizing multiple groups as significant others who share some aspects of this complex, social identity self

Dominance

Means the individual adopts one major social identity (e.g., lawyer) and other social membership categories are subordinated or embedded underneath the dominant professional role identity category of being a lawyer

Intersection

Refers to a compound identity in which two (or more) social membership categories (e.g., female Latina lawyer) can be crossed to form a singular, unique social identity.

Compartmentalization

Refers to how one social identity category serves as the primary basis of identification in a particular setting (being a good lawyer) and a gear shift occurs to another primary identity persona in a different context (being a good mom)

Blended family

Refers to merging of different family systems from previous marriages

Identity

Refers to our reflective views of ourselves and of other perceptions of our self-images--at both the social identity and the personal identity levels

acculturation

Refers to the incremental identity-related change process of immigrants and refugees in a new encipherment from a long-term perspective

Cultural identity salience

Refers to the strength or affiliation we have with our larger culture

Identity

The reflective self-conception or self-image that we each derive from family, gender, cultural, ethnic, and individual socialization processes