Chapter 4

Numerous recent preemptions have focused on...

homeland security

The ___________ is the term researchers use to characterize the overall collection of national, state and local governments in the United States.

intergovernmental system

Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?

layer cake

How likely are voters to participate in state and local elections compared with national elections?

less likely

A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service that maintains a minimum national standard is called a(n)...

mandate

In recent years, the Supreme Court has denied states the power to execute individuals who are...

mentally disabled and/or seventeen years old

When Roger B. Taney became chief justice in 1836, the Court imposed firm limits on the powers of...

national government

According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is...

plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end

In the 2011 Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Whiting decision, the Roberts Court upheld which state law?

Legal Arizona Workers Act

A proponent of states' rights and enumerated powers would be more likely to quote the _________ Amendment to the Constitution

Tenth

Which of the following is NOT an essential premise of dual federalism?

The relationship between nation and state is best characterized by cooperation

While government at all levels and private sector businesses all share responsibilities over managing the nations' ports, each port has a ______________ assigned to be the captain of the port...

U.S. Coast Guard officer

Some have argued that the use of the drug Midazolam in executing inmates is ____________; in the 2015 case Glossip v. Gross, the Court _________ with this assertion.

a violation of the Eighth Amendment; disagreed

Foreigners who live in the United States but are not citizens of the United States are known as...

aliens

According to the text, political liberals feared stronger states' rights because it...

allowed inequality and supported racism

Competitive grants are awarded based on...

an application submitted by prospective recipients

REAL ID, a federal mandate that imposes security standards for state driver's licenses, is an example of...

an unfunded mandate

Suppose Congress funds elementary education by giving states a grant. The states may then designate the specific educational programs (elementary, secondary or vocational) to receive the funds. This is an example of a _________ grant.

block

The Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish the Internal Revenue Service. Congress did so, however, to implement its power to "lay and collect taxes." This is an example of the use of a(n) _________ power.

implied

In response to the use of national mandates and restraints that have become so dominant, theorists have developed a new theory known as _____ federalism.

coercive

The ___________ gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states.

commerce clause

The constitution expressly gives the federal government the power to _____________ within the states

create a postal system

The Great Depression represented a shift away from __________ and toward __________.

dual federalism; cooperative federalism

The "necessary and proper" clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution is an example of a(n) "__________ clause."

elastic

States' rights supporters believe that Congress should restrict its activities to...

enumerated powers

A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to...

establish a national bank

A notable trend in the backgrounds of recent presidents is experience as a...

governor

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the early Supreme Court generally...

increased national power

Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?

sponge cake

According to the text, one could see the rise of coercive federalism as simply shifting the pluralist struggle from...

state capitals to Washington D.C.

The lines that define congressional districts are usually drawn by...

state legislatures

The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to...

the federal government; the states

The Constitution explicitly recognizes...

the national government and state governments

In 2012, the Supreme Court cited ____________ in upholding the "individual mandate" provision of the Affordable Care Act.

the national government's taxing power

Home rule is...

the right of municipal governments to enact their own legislation in certain administrative areas

Conflicts related to power-sharing between states and the national government are settled by...

the supreme court

The basic premise of federalism is that...

two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people

The complexity of the American federal system encourages...

pluralism

In Dred Scott, the Supreme Court decided that Congress had no power to...

prohibit slavery

The national government has come to rely increasingly on its _______ power to shape state policies.

regulatory

A(n) _____ forbids state governments from exercising certain powers.

restraint

A government unit created to perform particular functions, such as fire protection and water purification and distribution is known as a(n)

special district

Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.

categorical

Problems with establishing democracy in Iraq are, according to the text, chiefly a function of the fact that...

"There is no meaningful Iraqi identity."

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Court argued that "the power to tax...

... involves the power to destroy."

Based on 2012 data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.

90,000

Since the 1990s the Court has typically favored states, however, the best example of a decision in which the court did NOT defend state prerogatives is...

Bush v. Gore

According to the theory of dual federalism, __________________ the nation and the states.

a rigid wall separates

According to the cooperative federalism model, the functions and responsibilities of the national and state governments are not...

clearly defined

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is an example of _________ federalism.

cooperative

The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote...

cooperative federalism

Conservatives are often associated with ___________, while liberals are often associated with __________.

dual federalism; cooperative federalism

Since 1995 the Supreme Court has frequently...

favored states' rights

Medicaid is an example of a(n) ...

grant-in-aid

A power NOT specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) _________ power.

implied

The power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes complete or partial responsibility for a state government function is known as...

preemption

51. The process of preclearance is used when states are ...

redistricting

The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as...

redistricting

Preclearance is the process of...

submitting redistricting plans to the Justice Department for approval

During the New Deal era, Congress did NOT...

temporarily claim extra constitutional powers to meet the national emergency

From the 1930s to the mid-1990s, the Supreme Court...

tended to support expansion of national authority

When responding to the economic downturn that afflicted the nation at the beginning of his first term, President Obama drew on the logic of...

the New Deal and the preamble to the U.S. Constitution

In the last 200 years, Congress has tremendously increased the scope of the national government by using...

the elastic clause combined with its enumerated powers

The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that...

there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause