Chapter 4 American Government

Which of the following is not a reason that states have improved their ability to govern capably over the last few decades?

All previously unelected officials, such as those in programs that deal with transportation social services, are now elected

The_________ is the term researches use to characterize the overall collection of national, state and local governments in the United States.

intergovernmental system

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Court argued that "the people to tax......

involves the power to destroy

Problems with establishing democracy in Iraq are, according to the text, chiefly a function of the fact that

it is impossible to have a voting system

Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?

layer cake

How likely are voters to participate in state and local elections compared with national elections?

less likely

Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?

marble cake

In recent years, the Supreme Court has denied states the power to execute individuals who are

mentally disabled and/or seventeen years old

In the 2011 chamber of commerce of the united States v. Whiting decision, the Roberts Court upheld which state law?

Legal Arizona Workers Act

When Roger B. Taney became chief justice in 1836, the Court imposed firm limits on the powers of

National government

In the last 200 years, Congress has tremendously increased the scope of the national government by using

The elastic clause combined with its enumerated powers

Which of the following is NOT an essential premise of dual federalism?

The relationship between national and state is best characterized by cooperation

While government at all levels and private sector businesses all share responsibility over managing the nations' ports, each port has a _______ assigned to the the captain of the port

U.S. Coast Guard officer

Some have argued that the use of the drug Midazolam is an executing inmates is __________; in the 2015 case Glossip v. Gross, the Court _______ with this assertion

a violation of the English Amendment; disagreed

Foreigners who live in the United States but are not citizens of the United States are known as

aliens

According to the text, political liberals feared stronger states' rights because it

allowed inequality and supported racism

Competitive grants are awarded based on

an application submitted by prospective recipients.

REAL ID, a federal mandate that imposes security standards for state driver's licenses, is an example of

an unfunded mandate

Suppose Congress funds elementary education by giving states a grant that the states then designate the specific educational programs to receive these funds. This is an example of a ________ grant.

block

In response to the use of national mandates and restraints that have become so dominant, theorists have developed a new theory known as _____ federalism.

coercive

The __________ gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states.

commerce clause

The constitution expressly gives the federal government the power to _____________.

create a postal system

The Great Depression represented a shift away from __________ and toward

duel federalism; cooperative federalism

Conservatives are often associated with _________, while liberals are often

duel freedom; cooperative freedom

States' rights supporters believe that Congress should restrict its activities to

enumerated powers

A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to

establish a national bank

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is an example of ________ federalism.

general

A notable trend in the backgrounds of recent presidents is experience as a

governor

According to the text, one could see the rise of coercive federalism as simply shifting the pluralist struggle from

state capitals to Washington D.C.

The lines that define congressional districts are usually drawn by

state legislatures

The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to

the federal government; the states.

The Constitution explicitly recognizes

the national government and state governments

Home rule is

the right of municipal government to enact their own legislation in certain administrative areas

Conflicts related to power-sharing between states and the national government are settled by

the supreme court

The basic premise of federalism is that

two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people

The complexity of the American federal system encourages

pluralism

In Dred Scott, the Supreme Court decided that Congress had no power to

prohibit slavery

A(n) ________ forbids state governments from exercising certain powers.

restraint

A government unit created to perform particular functions, such as fire protection and water purification and distribution is known as a(n)

social district

From the 1930s to the mid-1990s, the Supreme Court

Tended to support expansion of national authority

The proponent of states' rights and enumerated powers would be more likely to quotes the ______ Amendment to the constitution

10th

Based on 2012 data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.

90,000

Since the 1990s the Court has typically favored states, however, the best example of a decision in which the court did NOT defend state prerogatives is

Bush v. Gore

Which of the following statements regarding the New Deal era is incorrect?

Congress temporarily claimed extra constitutional powers to meet national and state government

Numerous recent preemptions have focused on

Homeland Security

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the early Supreme Court generally

Increased national power

A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service that maintains a minimum national standard is called a(n)

Mandate

According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is

Plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end

The national government has come to rely increasingly on its ________ power to shape state policies.

Regulatory

Which of the following is an incorrect description of the cooperative federalism model?

The functions and responsibilities of the national and state governments are clearly defined

In 2012, the Supreme Court cited ________ in upholding the "individual mandate" provision of the Affordable Care Act

The national government's taxing power

According to the theory of dual federalism, ___________ the nation and the states.

a rigid wall seperates

Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.

categorical

The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote cooperative federalism

cooperative federalism

The "necessary and proper" clause of Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution is an example of a(n) _______ clause

elastic

Since 1995 the Supreme Court has frequently

favored states rights

Medicaid is an example of a(n)

grant-in-aid

A power NOT specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) ________ power.

implied

The Constitution did not give Congress the authority ti establish the Internal Revenue Service. Congress did so, however, to implement its power to "lay and collect taxes." This is an example of the use of a(n) _________ power.

implied

The power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes complete or partial responsibility for a state government function is known as

preemption

The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as

redistrictiing

The process of preclearance is used when states are

redistricting

Preclearance is the process of

submitting redistricting plans to the Justice Department for approval

When responding to the economic downturn that afflicted the nation at the beginning of his first term, President Obama drew on the logic of

the New Deal and the preamble to the U.S. Constitution

The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that

there are limits to the national government's ability regulate behavior based on the commerce clause.