Chapter 4 Anatomy

columnar cell

Tall and column shaped cell.

True

True or False: All connective tissues stem from a common embryonic tissue called mesenchyme.

True

True or False: Connective tissues may contain three types of protein fibers: collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.

True

True or False: Epithelial tissues are avascular.

True

True or False: Epithelial tissues are our covering and lining tissues.

False, epithelial tissues consist of a lot of cells and a limited ECM.

True or False: Epithelial tissues consist of few cells and an extensive ECM.

True

True or False: Most connective tissues are highly vascular, with the exception of cartilage.

False, most connective tissues consist of few cells with an extensive ECM.

True or False: Most connective tissues consist largely of cells with little ECM.

True

True or False: The ECM of epithelial tissues is located in the basal lamina.

simple epithelial tissue

Composed of a single cell layer; typically found where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur.

pseudostratified epithelial tissue

Composed of a single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels.

basement membrane

Composed of two laminae which reinforces the epithelial sheet, helps it resist stretching and tearing, and defines the epithelial boundary.

stratified epithelial tissue

Composed of two or more cell layers stacked on top of each other; common in high-abrasion areas where protection is important.

collagen fiber

Constructed primarily of the fibrous protein that is extremely tough and provides high tensile strength to the matrix.

dense connective tissue

Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic tissue.

blood

A connective tissue that is the fluid within blood vessels.

cartilage

A connective tissue that stands up to tension and compression; tough but flexible, provides a resilient rigidity to the structure it supports.

bone

A connective tissue that supports and protects body structures.

cardiac muscle tissue

A muscle that is found only in the walls of the heart; helps propel blood through the blood vessels to all parts of the body.

epithelial tissue/epithelium

A sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity.

cells, the extracelluar matrix, ground substance, protein fibers

All tissues consist of two main components: ______ and ______, which consists of a gelatinous substance called ______ and numerous different ______.

loose connective tissue

Areolar, adipose, and reticular tissue.

cuboidal cell

Boxlike cell, approximately as tall as they are wide.

squamous cell

Flattened and scalelike cell.

muscle tissue

Highly cellular, well-vascularized tissues that are responsible for most types of body movement.

neuron

Highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses.

Loose CT contains a lot of ground substance. Dense CT contains a lot of bundles of collagen fibers.

How do loose and dense connective tissues differ?

Simple epithelia have only one layer of cells. Stratified epithelia have two or more layers of cells.

How do simple and stratified epithelial tissues differ?

smooth muscle tissue

Its cells have no visible striations; found mainly in the walls of hollow organs other than the heart.

elastic fiber

Long, thin fibers that form branching networks in the extracellular matrix; contains a rubber-like protein that allows them to stretch and recoil.

skeletal muscle tissue

Muscles that are attached to the bones of the skeleton that form the flesh of the body.

a unique ECM, neurons/neuroglial cells

Nervous tissue is composed of ______ and ______.

neuroglial cell

Nonexcitable cell that supports, protects, and insulates the neurons.

reticular fiber

Short, fine, collagenous fibers that are continuous with collagen fibers, and branch extensively, forming networks that surround small blood vessels and support the soft tissue of organs.

striated

Slightly or narrowly furrowed, ridged, striped, or streaked in parallel arrangement.

True

The cells of skeletal muscle tissue are long, tubular, and multinucleated.

nervous tissue

The main component of the nervous system which regulates and controls body functions.

connective tissue

The most abundant and widely distributed tissue that connects body parts.

ground substance

The unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers.

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

What are the four basic types of tissues?

in the heart

Where is cardiac muscle located?

tendons and ligaments

Where is dense regular collagenous CT located?

joints, connecting the ribs to the sternum, nose

Where is hyaline cartilage located?

part of the basement membrane, walls of hollow organs

Where is loose CT located?

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

Where is nervous tissue located?

spleen and lymph nodes

Where is reticular CT located?

air sacs of the lungs

Where is simple squamous epithelium located?

lining hollow organs, in the skin, in the eye, and surrounding many glands

Where is smooth muscle located?

oral cavity, pharynx, vagina, anus

Where is stratified squamous epithelium located?

urinary bladder

Where is transitional epithelium located?