Chapter 4 Apes MAIN GUIDe
Which of the following statements best describes competition for a niche?
Two species could divide a niche through "resource partitioning."
how does competition lead to realized niche? How does it promote resource partitioning?
competition leads to a realized niche by an individual only plays part of its role or only uses part of its resources because of competition or other species interactions. The resource partitioning is promoted realized or fullfilled
Which of these is the largest terrestrial biome on Earth?
coniferous forest
An earthworm that feeds on the remains of plants and animals is acting as a _____.
detritivore
The energy content and biomass of ________ is lowest in any food web.
top carnivore
10,000 kcal of producer could support approximately _____ kcal of tertiary consumer.
10
Approximately _____% of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to the next highest trophic level.
5-10
Which statement is an accurate description of a keystone species?
A keystone species that is a predator controls the herbivore populations, which in turn maintains the plant populations and keeps balance.
What does the diagram illustrate?
Biomes at the highest altitudes roughly parallel biomes at the poles.
what is meant by keystone species, and what type of organisms are most often considered keystone species?
Keystone species is a species that has strong or wide reaching impact far out of proportion to its ambundance. often, large bodied secondary or tertiary consumers near the top of food chains are considered keystone species.
When a species is moved from its native area to a new area, it can become an invasive species and damage its new ecosystem. What is one reason these species are able to do damage to an ecosystem?
When a species is transported, it leaves behind its predators and the diseases that previously kept its population in check. Therefore the species is able to grow to large and damaging numbers.
Savanna
a plain characterized by coarse grasses and scattered tree growth, especially on the margins of the tropics where the rainfall is seasonal, as in eastern Africa
Which of these is a starting point for primary succession?
a surface exposed by a retreating glacier
Tundra
a vast treeless plain in the arctic regions between the ice cap and the tree line; polar grassland
Desert
areas characterized by less 25 cm of precipitation annually, and where evaporation exceeds precipitation
Various types of _____ pollinate 73% of our crops.
bees
Temperate Grassland
biome found in temperate regions with a semiarid climate, dominated by grass species
Temperate Deciduous Forest
biome found in temperate regions with defined seasons and regular precipitation, characterized by the presence of broad-leaf deciduous leaved trees
Tropical Rainforest
biome found in tropical areas receiving large amounts of precipitation, characterized by high levels of biodiversity, rapid nutrient cycling and nutrient-poor soil
_____ are secondary consumers.
carnivores
Techniques to eradicate zebra mussels ________.
include introducing predators and diseases
The first colonizing organisms during primary succession tend to be:
lichens and mosses
Global climate change may produce major shifts in biomes for any given location because ________.
mean temperature, precipitation and salinity will change
Which one of the following is a general characteristic of plants that are early colonizers during primary succession?
plants have wind-dispersed seeds
A cow eating grass is an example of a _____.
primary consumer
explain primary succession. How does it differ from secondary succession? give an example of each.
primary succession happens after a disturbance so severe that no vegetation or soil remains from the community that occupied the site. A community is built from scratch. Secondary succession begins with a disturbance but it does not harm all living things or soil. vestiges of the previous community remain in these then shape the process.
In an ecosystem, phytoplankton are _____.
producers
When a human eats a steak, the human is acting as a _____.
secondary consumer
Decomposers and detritivores are responsible for enhancing the _____ by recycling nutrients.
soil
What are the two major factors determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes?
temperature and rainfall
A seal that just ate a clam is eaten by a shark. The shark is acting as a _____.
tertiary consumer
name five changes to Great Lakes communities that have occurred since the invasion of the zebra mussel.
toxic chemicals in water, introduce predators, introduce disease, native fish compete for Plankton and clog powerplant intake pipe where the five changes made that have occurred since the invasion of the zebra mussel.
Which biome is characterized by an extensive canopy that allows little light to penetrate to the ground and by the presence of epiphytes?
tropical rain forest
Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?
tundra
Zooplankton populations in Lake Erie and the Hudson River have declined by up to 70% since the arrival of zebra mussels because ________.
zebra mussels feed on cyanobacteria, which zooplankton need as a food source