Chapter 4 Apes Test

We can estimate doubling time by dividing 70 by the annual growth rate. In the U.S., the current population is growing at 0.6% per year. What is the doubling time?

117 years

At present, the global population numbers approximate _____ people, with an annual growth rate of approximately ______.

6.43 billion / 1.2%

The highest life expectancies today are in Japan, Iceland, Sweden, Australia, Canada, France, Italy, Norway, Spain and Switzerland and hover around:

80-82 years

What is the logical conclusion for the following syllogism? Premise: Nations with greater growth rates, have low average per-capita incomes. Premise: Angola has high growth rates Conclusion: Therefore___________

Angola has low average per-capita incomes

The logistic population growth curve takes into account that an exponentially growing population cannot increase forever. The logistic growth curve with time on the X-axis and # of population on Y-axis resembles the letter:

S on its side

The scientist who first recognized the possibility of potential disease threats (such as the bird flu) leveling the world's population with one mighty blow, was:

Thomas Malthus

In the early, pre-industrial agriculture period of growth of the human population, lasting approximately until the sixteenth century, we experienced

a great increase in human population density.

A population age structure diagram with a small, tapered base (youth) suggests:

a smaller proportion of the population will become parents of the next generation.

Zero population growth indicates

a stabilized population

The logistic growth curve involves assumptions that are unrealistic for humans. These assumptions include all of the following EXCEPT:

a uniformed sized earth

When would you expect replacement-level fertility to be achieved during the demographic transition occurring as a result of industrial and economic development of Western nations?

after demographic transition

According to the concept of the "demographic transition," a population will go through a period of expansion, but later stabilize at:

at a population larger than before the transition, but with zero growth

Based on the history of human populations in various countries, what might be expected to change as per-capita income increased?

average family size decrease

The crude growth rate is defined as:

birth rate minus death rate

The demographic transition defines

both a decline in population growth over time and a pattern of change in birth and death rates that occur as the result of industrial and economic development

If a population has a pyramid-shaped age structure (many youth tapering to few elderly), it

both illustrates a rapidly growing population and indicates the need for more jobs in the future

Which of the following examples describes the maximum number of a particular species that an environment can support without degrading the environment?

carrying capacity

In forecasting population changes, the population in Northern Europe with a growth rate of +0.2 would be expected to

continue to increase but very slowly

net number of individuals added to population per 1,000 individuals per year

crude growth rate

Human demography suggests that an improving economy in a country correlates with:

decreased birth rate, decreased population growth rate

The simplest and one of the least controversial means of slowing population growth is:

delaying first childbearing

Which of the following examples describes the movement of a nation from a high population growth to a low population growth?

demographic transition

Before the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and major scientific advances, which of the following factors tended to decrease the size of the human population?

epidemic disease

A hypothetical population growing with unlimited food and no mortality could, theoretically increase forever. This would demonstrate what type of population growth?

exponential

capacity to become pregnant

fertility

In the history of human population growth, the rapid expansion experienced during the Industrial Revolution can, in part, be attributed to

improvements in health care and food supply

In cases of exponential growth rates, a population

increases by a constant percentage each year

In order to determine a realistic carrying capacity for how many people Earth can support, we must factor in all of the following criteria EXCEPT:

infertility

The environmental impact of a person who lives in the United States ________ the impact of a person who lives in a low-technology society.

is greater than

The average number of years an individual can expect to live, given the individual's present age is termed:

life expectancy

Circumstances that prevent populations from reaching their biotic potential include:

limiting factors

Human population growth during the pre-industrial agricultural period and during the Industrial Revolution period occurred with little change in:

maximum human life expectancy

In Thomas Malthus' theory of human population, the ultimate fate of humankind is said to be:

plague, pestilence, and famine

The basic concepts of population growth and change are known as:

population dynamics

Which of the following parameters is/are necessary to describe exponential population growth?

population size

number of people afflicted by a disease at a particular time

prevalence rate

Why is it difficult for a human population to achieve zero population growth?

reducing birth rates require a change in attitude, knowledge of means of birth control and ability to afford those means

On our finite planet, human populations will eventually be limited by some factor or combination of factors on a short-term, mid-term, or long term. All of the following are long-term factors EXCEPT:

shortage of energy for transporting food

In a developing country, chronic diseases account for a _________ proportion of total mortality. Acute diseases account for a _________ proportion of total mortality.

small; large

all individuals that are capable of interbreeding

species

The growth rate of the human population has increased over the last few hundred years due to all of the following reasons except:

the maximum age to which individuals can live has increased

The correlation between poverty and population growth seems to be:

the poorer a nation, the higher the growth rate

Economic implications of age structure for countries with aging populations include all of the following EXCEPT:

ways to deal with natural disasters

The demographic transition occurs in three stages. Under which circumstance is a nation unable to make the transition from stage II to stage III:

when parents don't see the benefit from having few but well educated children