Chapter 4 Book and Activities

Stratum layers of epidermis

1. Corneum 2. Lucidum 3. Granulosum 4. Spinosum 5. Basale

Select all of the true statements regarding the significance of alterations in skin color.

1. Jaundice usually signifies a liver disorder in which excess bile pigments are deposited in body tissues. 2. Bruises reveal sites where blood has escaped from the circulation and formed hematomas.

Melanin

1. Melanin ranges in color from yellow to brown to black. 2. Melanin protects the nuclei of keratinocytes from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. 2. Freckles and moles appear where melanin concentrates in one spot.

Types of Epidermis

1. Merkel cells: Sensitive to touch 2. Epidermal dendritic cells: Help fight infection 3.Keratinocytes: Most numerous cells of the epidermis 4. Melanocytes: Produce the pigment melanin

Functions of the Skin

1. Protects internal body structures 2. Regulates body temperature 3. Excretes waste products

Burns: Assessed by Rules of 9's

1. Sunburns, don't blister. 2. Blister or have boils on them. 3. Skin comes off of the lower levels of tissue.

Characteristics of Malignant Melanoma.

A = Asymmetry (1/2 unlike other) B = Border (irregular) C = Color (varied within lesion: tan, brown, black, red, white, blue, etc.) D = Diameter (> 6 mm)

Keratin

A tough protein that makes hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin.

Epidermis

Avascular, Keratinized layer of skin

As cells progress from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface they __________.

Become flatter and die.

All epithelial membranes have a layer of __________ that underlies an epithelial layer.

Connective Tissue

Cell division would be most common among cells in which of the labeled layers?

D: The Stratum Basale Cells migrate upwards through the Epidermis after being generated by Mitosis in the Stratum Basale.

Lamellar Corpuscle

Deep pressure-sensitive receptors

The type of tissue that makes up the bulk of the dermis is __________.

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

What is the structure indicated by label E?

Dermal Papilla: Projections of the dermis that form indentations in the overlying epidermis.

What feature of the prickle cells in layer C causes them to have pointy projections after tissue preparation?

Desmosome Attachments: Cells typically shrink during tissue preparation, and since these cells are attached by desmosomes, the membranes are pulled slightly outward at the points of cellular attachment.

The epidermis is predominately composed of __________ tissue.

Epithelial

Sunburn without blistering represents which type of burn?

First Degree Burns

Terms relating to hair:

Follicle Bulb Sheath

Appocrine Glands

Found primarily in the genital and axillary areas; Responds to fear.

Hypodermis

Insulates the body from heat loss, stores energy, and loosely connects the skin to underlying tissue.

Contact Dermatitis

Irritated or allergic response of the skin that can lead to an acute or chronic inflammation

What is the most common cell type in the epidermis?

Keratinocyte: The primary cells that form the stratified layers of the epidermis.

Which skin-color-associated, pigment-producing cell is located in the labeled layer D?

Melanocyte: In the Stratum Basale, they produce the pigment melanin, which is deposited within the deeper layers of the epidermis.

These cells produce a brown-to-black pigment that colors the skin and protects DNA from ultraviolet radiation damage.

Melanocytes

Dermis

Middle layer of skin

Which glands produce the oily secretion called sebum?

Sebaceous Glands

When skin elasticity declines, skin gets _______.

Thinner

Label the Layers of Skin:

Top Right: 1. Epidermis Middle : Dermis: 2. - Papillary Layer 3. - Reticular Layer Lowest Layer: 4. Hypodermis Under Epidermis, Above the Dermis (Papillary Layer): 5. Dermal Papillae.

Label the Layers on and Under the Skin:

Top Right: 1. Hair Follicle Blue and Red Veins: 2. Sensory Nerve Fibers Yellow Blob: 3. Lamellar Capsule Squiggly Yarn: 4. Sweat Gland (Eccrine Gland) Little Muscle connected to Hair Follicle: 5. Arrector Pilli Muscle Cloud Pocket on the Hair Follicle: 6. Sebaceous Gland Teardrop connected to the hair root: 7. Hair Follicle

Nails originate from the epidermis.

True

One important role of the skin is to produce __________, which is essential for normal calcium absorption.

Vitamin D