Chapter 4: Cancer

Mutations can be caused by ____________, which are cancer causing agents or substances.

genetics

A benign tumor that projects from an epithelial surface is usually called a ____________.

polyp

Cancer is the ___________ most common cause of death in the United States.

second

Cancer is characterized by _____________ growth of abnormal cells in the body.

uncontrolled

Cigarette smoking causes about ____________ of all cancer deaths in the United States.

30%

Which of the following is a known risk factor for cancer? A. Diet B. Lack of physical activity C. Infection with certain viruses D. Being overweight or obese

C. Infection with certain viruses

A carcinoma could arise in all the following except _____________ A. Breast B. Colon C. Muscle D. Skin

C. Muscle

In a grade 4 tumor, the tumor cells look ____________. A. Almost normal B. Slightly normal C. Very abnormal D. Abnormal

C. Very abnormal

_____________ uses medications that target rapidly dividing cells and therefore kill cancer cells and some normal cells.

Chemotherapy

Benign tumors _______________ A. Are encapsulated B. Grow slowly C. Remain localized D. All of the above

D. All of the above

A benign tumor arising from fat tissue is called a(n): A. Adenoma B. Myoma C. Osteoma D. Lipoma

D. Lipoma

True/False: Mutations inherited from parent to child account for 25% of all cancers.

False

True/False: The most important risk factor for cancer is tobacco use.

False

True/False: At least half of all cancers are preventable.

False

True/False: Benign tumors invade surrounding tissues.

False

A malignant tumor of a gland is called a _______________.

adenocarcinoma

Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the ____________________.

bone

Which of the following genes are not responsible for the cell division process? A. Cyclins B. Oncogenes C. Tumor suppressor genes D. DNA repair genes

A. Cyclins

What type of cancer treatment uses high energy rays to damage DNA of cells interfering with cell division and growth? A. Radiation therapy B. Chemotherapy C. Hormone therapy D. Immunotherapy

A. Radiation therapy

What scanner type of radiography creates a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body with an x-ray machine? A. MRI B. CT C. Radiography D. Ultrasound

B. CT

The N in the TNM malignant tumor staging stands for ______________ A. Neoplasm B. Node C. Nevus D. Necrosis

B. Node

Which of the following is not a general sign or symptom of cancer? A. Fatigue B. Fever C. Hemorrhage D. Unexplained weight loss

C. Hemorrhage

______________ is the single greatest avoidable risk factor for cancer mortality worldwide.

Tobacco use

True/False: Benign tumors rarely reoccur after removal.

True

True/False: Some viruses are carcinogens.

True

True/False: There is no single test that can accurately diagnose cancer.

True

True/False: In the United States half of all men will develop cancer in their lifetimes.

True

True/False: The majority of cancers are the result of acquired mutations.

True

True/False: Under a microscope the cells of benign tumor resemble cells of their origin and have a uniform appearance.

True

_________________ are chemicals made by tumor cells that can be detected in blood.

Tumor markers