chapter 4, chapter 3, chapter 5, clin psych ch.1, 2 bnks, chapter 7, Chapter 8

18. The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories: A) psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders. B) internalizing, externalizing, and mediating disorders. C) primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders. D) Freudian, Jungian, and undifferentiated disorders.

a

19. The _____ places importance on multiple perspectives, including those that recognize the uniqueness of each individual as well as the similarities between each individual and other individuals. A) tripartite model of personal identity B) etic approach C) behavioral approach D) evidence-based psychotherapy movement

a

2. Jerome Wakefield is the creator of the theory of A) harmful dysfunction. B) the unconscious. C) aberrant behavior. D) categorical disorders.

a

21. Interviewers who use a _____ style of interviewing get exactly the information they need by asking clients specifically for it. A) directive B) nondirective C) rapport-building D) evidence-based

a

21. Which of the following is true? A) No single "best method" has emerged for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent. B) In-class discussion of one's own cultural background has emerged as the "best method" for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent. C) Conducting psychotherapy (under supervision) with members of varied cultures has emerged as the "best method" for training clinical psychologists to be culturally competent. D) none of the above

a

22. Regardless of a the methods used to train clinical psychologists to be culturally competent, an essential ingredient is that the trainee A) reaches a deeper appreciation of his or her own cultural identity. B) read detailed descriptions of a variety of cultural groups in the form of professional books or peer-reviewed articles. C) enroll in courses taught by faculty members whose cultural background is different from that of the trainee. D) conduct research with participants of culturally diverse backgrounds.

a

23. We can say that cybertherapy generally appears to work A. about as well as in-person forms of psychotherapy. B. far worse than in-person forms of psychotherapy. C. far better than in-person forms of psychotherapy. D. We cannot compare cybertherapy and in-person psychotherapy because no studies exist on this topic.

a

24. _____ is the acculturation strategy in which the individual adopts much of the new culture and abandons much of the original culture. A) Assimilation B) Separation C) Marginalization D) Integration

a

26. Which of the following places the major "forces" in psychology in the correct order, beginning with the first? A) psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, multiculturalism B) behaviorism, multiculturalism, psychoanalysis, humanism C) humanism, behaviorism, multiculturalism, psychoanalysis D) multiculturalism, humanism, behaviorism, psychoanalysis

a

3. Authors such as Pedersen (1990, 1999, 2008) have labeled _____ as the "fourth force" in the history of psychology. A) multiculturalism B) humanism C) the prescription privileges movement D) behaviorism

a

*9. Why might naming various experiences mental disorders be beneficial? A) An official label may help clients demystify an otherwise nameless experience. B) Naming promotes greater attention to the symptoms by researchers and clinicians. C) An official diagnosis can help clients gain access to treatment, especially if health insurance is used to pay. D) All of the above.

d

16. Some studies of manualized therapy have found that therapists who demonstrate flexibility while using a manual A. produce better client outcomes. B. are more successful in getting clients engaged in therapy. C. all of the above D. none of the above

c

17. Payment for psychotherapy by health insurance companies has A. decreased since the earliest days of psychotherapy. B. remained constant throughout the history of psychotherapy. C. increased since the earliest days of psychotherapy. D. not yet occurred, but is expected to begin within the next decade.

c

17. The first edition of the DSM was published in A) 1914 B) 1930 C) 1952 D) 1986

c

2. In 2000, the number of first-generation immigrants in the U. S. represented about ____% of the U. S. population. A) 2 B) 5 C) 10 D) 20

c

2. Patrick DeLeon, Morgan Sammons, and Robert McGrath are best known as advocates A. for evidence-based psychotherapies. B. for computer-based psychotherapies. C. for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists. D. against evidence-based psychotherapies.

c

20. Which of the following methods of training regarding cultural issues have been attempted by graduate programs in clinical psychology? A) courses emphasizing issues of culture B) real-world immersion in varied cultural groups and experiences C) all of the above D) none of the above

c

21. DSM-III was published in A) 1952 B) 1968 C) 1980 D) 1994

c

21. The use of technology, particularly the Internet, by clinical psychologists is often referred to as _____. A. conference therapy B. digi-assessment C. cybertherapy D. tech-psych

c

3. Of all the available assessment procedures, clinical psychologists rely most frequently on the A) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. B) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. C) clinical interview. D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

c

5. Opponents of prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite _____ as support for their argument. A. the need for further training during or after graduate school B. the possibility that the practice of psychotherapy would decline C. all of the above D. none of the above

c

6. In the context of the clinical interview, the term "quieting yourself" is best described as A) the client's efforts to remain quiet in order to fully attend to the interviewer's questions. B) the interviewer's efforts to control the volume of his or her speaking voice to match that of the client. C) the interviewer's efforts to control his or her own internal, self-directed thinking pattern in order to enhance listening. D) the interviewer's policy of remaining entirely silent during the interview in order to facilitate transference.

c

8. Positive working relationships with clients A) can be developed using attentive listening, appropriate empathy, and genuine respect. B) are a function of the interviewer's attitude and actions. C) all of the above D) none of the above

c

8. When criticizing the DSM-5 for being overly broad in their definitions of mental disorders, many researchers point to _____ as an example of overpathologizing everyday experiences and behaviors. A. premenstrual dysphoric disorder B. binge eating disorder C. Both of the above. D. Neither of the above.

c

*6. The DSM-5 includes A) an Outline for Cultural Formulation. B) a Cultural Formulation Interview. C) a cultural concepts of distress glossary. D) All of the above.

d

*8. Taijin kyofusho A) is an example of a cultural concept of distress described in DSM-5. B) is experienced by members of some Japanese cultures. C) involves a person avoiding interpersonal situations because he believes his appearance offends others. D) all of the above

d

4. Which of the following is true? A) Currently, when the American Psychological Association considers accrediting a graduate program in psychology, there are criteria related to multiculturalism that must be met. B) Although none have yet emerged, the American Psychological Association plans to introduce new divisions within its organization devoted to cultural issues such as gender, religion, sexual orientation, and ethnicity. C) all of the above D) none of the above

a

5. All editions of the DSM have been published by the A) American Psychiatric Association B) American Psychological Association C) American Psychological Society D) American Counseling Association

a

7. An important skill for a clinical interviewer is _____, which is best described as the ability to know how he or she tends to affect others interpersonally and how others tend to relate to him or her. A) being self-aware B) developing positive working relationships C) establishing rapport D) quieting yourself

a

7. Sutso A) is an example of a culture-bound syndrome described in the most recent edition of the DSM. B) involves anxiety and gastrointestinal problems related to hexing or witchcraft by another person. C) is found almost exclusively in Australia. D) all of the above

a

9. Effective interviewers are skilled at _____, or repeating key words and phrases back to their clients to ensure the clients that they have been accurately heard. A) verbal tracking B) eye contact C) developing positive relationships D) quieting themselves

a

*6. The size and scope of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual have _____ since its inception in the 1950s. A. vastly decreased B. vastly increased C. stayed about the same D. demonstrated no real pattern

b

*8. Attenuated psychosis syndrome A) is not mentioned in the current DSM at all. B) is listed in the Emerging Measures and Models section of the current DSM. C) is listed as an official disorder in the current DSM. D) is included in the current DSM as a sub-type of schizophrenia.

b

1. From 1990 to 2000, A) the Asian American/Pacific Islander population in the U.S. decreased slightly. B) the Latino/Latina/Hispanic population in the U.S. grew by about 50%. C) all of the above D) none of the above

b

1. The harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders was developed by A) Sigmund Freud B) Jerome Wakefield C) Emil Kraepelin D) B. F. Skinner

b

10. An example of a manualized psychotherapy with empirical evidence for its efficacy is A. exposure and response prevention for bulimia. B. exposure and response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder. C. dialectical behavior therapy for depression. D. dialectical behavior therapy for antisocial personality disorder.

b

10. Eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, and verbal tracking are specific types of A) behavioral psychotherapy techniques. B) attending behaviors. C) rapport. D) directive interviewing.

b

11. Cultural variables are important in the context of a clinical interview. For example, compared to traditional Western culture, Asian cultures tends to feature A) more eye contact, especially between members of the opposite sex. B) less physical touch. C) all of the above D) none of the above

b

18. The _____ perspective recognizes and emphasizes culturally specific norms and considers a client's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings within the context of that client's culture. A) etic B) emic C) behavioral D) individual

b

19. A clinical psychologist A) should always take written notes during an interview. B) must obtain written permission to videotape an interview. C) should position himself behind a stately desk while conducting an interview. D) all of the above

b

19. DSM-I and DSM-II A) were entirely empirically based. B) reflected a psychoanalytic orientation. C) included lists of specific symptoms or criteria for each disorder. D) all of the above

b

19. Which of the following is true? A. Most health insurance and managed care companies will pay for psychotherapy whether or not the therapist assigns a DSM diagnosis to the client. B. Recent surveys of psychologists have indicated that the way a client is diagnosed is affected by the client's method of payment. C. all of the above D. none of the above

b

2. _____ reliability is the extent to which an assessment technique yields similar results across different administrators. A) Test-retest B) Interrater C) Internal D) Clinical

b

22. Interviewers who use a _____ style of interviewing allow the client to determine the course of the interview. A) directive B) nondirective C) rapport-building D) evidence-based

b

24. Whereas a _____ echoes the client's words, a _____ echoes the client's emotions. A) paraphrase; confrontation B) paraphrase; reflection of feeling C) clarification; reflection of feeling D) conclusion; reflection of feeling

b

4. An element common to all kinds of psychological assessment is _____, which may take the form of a face-to-face meeting or written report. A) coaching B) feedback C) clinical utility D) validity

b

*10. Disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome are not official diagnoses and are listed as _____ in the DSM-5. A) upcoming diagnoses B) research disorders C) proposed criteria sets D) cultural diagnoses

c

1. Currently, _____ have passed legislation that grants prescription privileges to appropriately trained psychologists. A. all 50 states B. 31states C. 2 states D. no states

c

11. A book entitled A Guide to Treatments that Work was published in _____ and represented a significant step in the _____. A. 1960; humanistic psychotherapy movement. B. 1990; prescription privileges movement. C. 1998; evidence-based practice movement. D. 2005; psychotherapy via videoconferencing.

c

23. _____ is the way a person responds to living in a new cultural environment, particularly regarding the balance between adopting elements of the new culture and retaining elements of the original culture. A) Microaggression B) Integration C) Acculturation D) Heterogeneity

c

24. New features in DSM-5 include A) elimination of the multiaxial diagnostic system. B) the use of Arabic, rather than Roman, numerals in the title. C) Both A and B. D) None of the above.

c

24. Which of the following forms of technology has/have been used by clinical psychologists to treat clients? A. virtual reality techniques in which phobic clients are exposed to feared objects B. computer-based self-instructional programs that complement face-to-face, in-person treatments. C. all of the above D. none of the above

c

27. All editions of the DSM have offered a _____ approach to diagnosis. A) dimensional B) symptom- or criteria-based C) categorical D) multi-axial

c

3. According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider A) scientific or evolutionary data B) the social values that provide the context for the behavior in question C) all of the above D) none of the above

c

*23. DSM-5 added a number of new disorders including A) premenstrual dysphoric disorder. B) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. C) binge eating disorder. D) All of the above.

d

*25. DSM-5 has received numerous criticisms. Which of the following is NOT one of these criticisms? A) Diagnostic overexpansion B) Lack of transparency of the revision process C) The high price of the manual D) All of the above.

d

*4. The DSM-5 defines mental disorders as A) a clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. B) indicating a dysfunction in mental functioning. C) usually associated with significant distress or disability in work, relationships, or other areas of functioning. D) all of the above

d

25. Modifying psychological treatments that work for members of diverse cultures is known as _____. A) rebounding B) cultural channeling C) ethnic facilitation D) cultural adaptation

d

26. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder A) was an official disorder in the original edition of the DSM, but is not mentioned at all in the current edition. B) is listed as a provisional disorder, or a "criteria set for further study," in the current DSM. C) is a subtype of bipolar disorder. D) is an official mental disorder in DSM-5.

d

3. Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists have often made the argument that other non-physicians such as _____, have already been granted some prescription privileges. A. dentists B. advance practice nurses C. podiatrists D. all of the above

d

5. Which of the following is true? A) The current edition of the APA ethical code includes no reference to issues of multiculturalism. B) Currently, APA includes divisions devoted to issues of ethnicity and religion, but no divisions devoted to issues of gender or sexual orientation. C) all of the above D) none of the above

d

6. The DSM is primarily authored by A) social workers. B) counselors. C) psychologists. D) psychiatrists.

d

7. The climb in mental disorder rates is known as A. overdiagnosis B. diagnostic expansion C. diagnostic inflation D. All of the above.

d

9 2012 research by Cosgrove and Krimsky found that _____% of psychiatrists contributing to the DSM-5 had financial ties to pharmaceutical companies. A. 4 B. 17 C. 52 D. 69

d

*22. Which of the following is true? A) DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR used a multiaxial diagnosis system. B) DSM-5 uses a multiaxial diagnosis system. C) DSM-5 switched to a dimensional model of diagnosis. D) None of the above is/are true.

a

*9. Cultural concepts of distress A) are listed in a glossary in DSM-5. B) were discontinued beginning in DSM-III. C) include major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. D) All of the above.

a

1. _____ validity is the extent to which an assessment technique has content appropriate for what is being measured. A) Content B) Convergent C) Discriminant D) none of the above

a

10. According to Sue and Sue (2008), "_____ is defined as the counselor's acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society." A) multicultural counseling competence B) evidence-based practice C) empathy D) unconditional positive regard

a

12. Emil Kraepelin was a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders. Among the categories he identified were _____, which is similar to the current label of bipolar disorder, and _____ which is similar to the current label of schizophrenia. A) manic-depressive psychosis; dementia praecox B) anxiety neurosis; disorderly thought psychosis C) dementia praecox; separation disorder D) none of the above

a

12. Which of the following is true regarding Asian cultures? A) As a group, members of Asian cultures tend to emphasize collectivism (as opposed to individualism) more strongly than members of European American cultures. B) All members of Asian cultures emphasize collectivism over individualism. C) All women and most men of Asian cultures emphasize collectivism over individualism. D) All men and most women of Asian cultures emphasize collectivism over individualism.

a

14. Based on Schlosser's research, A) a psychologist might never know that they have a Jewish client unless the client discloses this identity. B) many American Jews will freely disclose their identity upon meeting a psychologist. C) a Jewish psychologist is automatically culturally competent to treat Jewish patients. D) all of the above

a

14. _____ refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client, or an interpersonal "connection" as perceived by the client. A) Rapport B) Verbal tracking C) Nondirective interviewing D) Directive interviewing

a

17. The etic perspective A) emphasizes similarities between all people. B) attaches great importance to differences between cultural groups. C) was less dominant in the early days of psychology than it is today. D) all of the above

a

12. Cultural variables are important in the context of a clinical interview. For example, compared to people from North America or Britain, people of Middle Eastern or Latino/Latina cultures tend to A) prefer a greater amount of personal space. B) prefer a smaller amount of personal space. C) expect the clinical interviewer to offer food or drink during the interviewer. D) view the clinical interviewer as an expert.

b

13. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the primary purpose of diagnostic categories was A) the diagnosis of prisoners. B) the collection of statistical and census data. C) compliance with health insurance and managed care company policies. D) to offer guidance toward particular forms of medication and psychotherapy.

b

16. It is important for clinical interviewers to appreciate how communication styles tend to differ across cultures. For example, A) Asian Americans tend to speak more loudly than Whites. B) Whites tend to speak more quickly than Native Americans. C) all of the above D) none of the above

b

18. According to surveys of psychologists in private practice (e.g., Murphy et al., 1998), managed care companies have A. generally had a positive impact on the quality of psychotherapy they provide. B. exerted too much control over clinical decisions. C. had no effect on confidentiality issues. D. all of the above

b

4. Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite _____ as support for their argument. A. an excess of psychiatrists, especially in rural areas B. convenience for clients C. all of the above D. none of the above

b

5. _____ of clinical psychologists use clinical interviews as part of their assessment processes. A) About half B) The vast majority C) About 25% D) Less than 5%

b

7. The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology, according to which A) each mental disorder is a byproduct of a medical disorder centered in a part of the body other than the brain. B) each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms. C) medication is the only acceptable form of treatment for mental disorders. D) psychotherapy cannot be expected to succeed unless it is accompanied by medication.

b

11. Hippocrates identified an imbalance in _____ as the source of abnormality. A) the ego B) spiritual harmony C) bodily fluids D) the unconscious

c

12. Evidence-based practice has also been referred to as _____ treatments. A. empirically validated B. empirically supported C. all of the above D. none of the above

c

13. Based on McGoldrick's research, Irish American patients A) may be uncomfortable with questions about inner feelings, especially negative feelings or sexual feelings. B) may feel guilty about some feelings that wouldn't be an issue in other cultural groups. C) all of the above D) none of the above

c

13. Referring to a client by the proper name A) isn't particularly relevant when developing rapport. B) includes making assumptions about nicknames that a psychologist uses for the client across treatment. C) can be accomplished by asking the client how he would like to be addressed early in treatment. D) none of the above

c

13. The term "evidence-based practice" includes A. the psychological treatment for a disorder. B. factors related to the people providing and receiving the psychological service. C. all of the above D. none of the above

c

14. Advantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include A. an increase in unique, idiosyncratic forms of therapy created by individual psychotherapists. B. increased reliance on the clinical judgment of each psychotherapist. C. the establishment of minimal levels of competence for the field. D. all of the above

c

15. Disadvantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include A. threats to the relationship or alliance between therapist and client. B. the fact that many clients have complicated problems that don't easily fit into diagnostic categories. C. all of the above D. none of the above

c

16. In the mid-1900s, _____ developed a classification system to treat World War II soldiers that had a significant influence on the creation of the first DSM. A) NATO B) the World Health Organization C) the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration D) the European Psychiatric Association

c

11. Which of the following is true? A) It is generally unacceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to openly and directly acknowledge cultural differences with a client. B) It is generally acceptable practice for a clinical psychologist to begin treating a culturally dissimilar client with no knowledge of that client's culture, and to require a client to explain all culturally relevant information to the clinical psychologist. C) all of the above D) none of the above

d

15. Which of the following can enhance rapport in a clinical interview? A) efforts by the interviewer to put the client at ease, especially at the beginning of the interview B) acknowledgment by the interviewer that the clinical interview is a unique, unusual situation C) efforts by the interviewer to notice how the client uses language, and then following the client's lead D) all of the above

d

16. _____, a common aspect of traditional psychotherapy, may be inconsistent with the cultural values and life experiences of some cultural groups. A) Verbal self-disclosure of personal problems B) A 50-minute session in an office building C) Long-term, insight-oriented treatment approaches D) all of the above

d

17. To develop rapport during a clinical interview, A) interviewers should make an effort to put the client at ease. B) interviewers can acknowledge the unique, unusual situation of the interview. C) interviewers can notice how the client uses language and follow the client's lead. D) all of the above

d

18. Communication styles often differ between men and women. For example, A) women tend to use talk to assert themselves and achieve goals, whereas men tend to use talk to build relationships. B) women tend to avoid self-disclosure because it brings vulnerability, whereas men tend to engage in self-disclosure because it brings closeness. C) all of the above D) none of the above

d

20. DSM-III differed from its predecessors in significant ways, such as A) the inclusion of a multi-axial system by which clinicians could diagnose clients on five separate axes. B) the use of specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders. C) a greater reliance on empirical data rather than clinical consensus. D) all of the above

d

20. Devlin and Nasar (2012) found that therapists and nonprofessionals asked to rate pictures of offices preferred clinicians' offices that A) were orderly. B) contained comfortable seats, muted lighting, and plants. C) were more spacious. D) all of the above

d

20. Recent surveys of psychologists have indicated that compared to a client paying out-of-pocket, an identical client paying via managed care is more likely to receive a DSM diagnosis if the client's symptoms are A. related to inattention/hyperactivity or social phobia. B. related to depression or anxiety. C. clearly below diagnosable levels. D. all of the above

d

22. Which of the following forms of technology has/have been used by clinical psychologists to treat clients? A. handheld electronic communication devices (e.g., iPhones, Blackberries) B. websites C. videoconferencing (e.g., Skype) D. all of the above

d

23. Interviewers use _____ questions when they notice discrepancies or inconsistencies in a client's comments. A) open-ended B) closed-ended C) clarification D) confrontation

d

25. Dr. Harris, a clinical psychologist, is interviewing a client with the primary purpose of determining whether the agency where Dr. Harris works can provide the services required by this client. In other words, Dr. Harris is conducting a(n) A) mental status exam. B) structured interview. C) diagnostic interview. D) intake interview.

d

25. Guidelines regarding the use of new technologies by clinical psychologists include which of the following? A. Obtain informed consent from clients about the services they may receive, the technologies that may be used to provide them, and the confidentiality of the communication. B. Ensure client confidentiality as much as possible by using encryption or similar methods. C. Be knowledgeable about emergency resources in any community from which your clients may seek services. D. all of the above

d