Chapter 4 Connect Quiz

When the mental age of an individual is the same as his or her chronological age, then the individual's IQ is _______. a. 50 b. 150 c. 100 d. 10

c. 100

intelligence tests that aim to avoid cultural bias are known as ____ ____ _____.

Culture-fair tests

Based on research studies, identify the true statements about the links between the brain and intelligence. (select all that apply) a. Both heredity and environment most likely contribute to links between the brain and intelligence b. MRI scans to assess total brain volume indicate a moderate correlation between brain size and intelligence c. The current consensus is that intelligence is localized in a specific region, not distributed across brain regions d. The cerebellum of the brain plays a more important role in higher intelligence than the frontal lobe.

a and b a. Both heredity and environment most likely contribute to links between the brain and intelligence b. MRI scans to assess total brain volume indicate a moderate correlation between brain size and intelligence

According to the concept of academic optimism, identify the circumstances under which positive academic outcomes will occur. (select all that applies) a. if teachers believe in their ability to overcome problems and be resilient in the face of difficulties b. if teachers indiscriminately give high grades to their students c. if teachers trust students and parents to cooperate for the students' betterment d. if teachers believe they can make a difference in their students' academic achievement e. if teachers group student in their classes according to the students' socioeconomic status

a, c and d a. if teachers believe in their ability to overcome problems and be resilient in the face of difficulties c. if teachers trust students and parents to cooperate for the students' betterment d. if teachers believe they can make a difference in their students' academic achievement

Which of the following styles involve how students approach learning materials? a. Deep/surface styles b. visual-iconic styles c. Tactile/kinesthetic styles d. visual-symbolic styles

a. Deep/surface styles

Match the cognitive abilities assessed in the Stanford-Binet test to their appropriate descriptions. a. Fluid reasoning b. Knowledge c. Quantitative reasoning d. Working memory 1. Math skills 2. Abstract thinking 3. Conceptual information 4. Recall of new information

a. Fluid reasoning with 2. Abstract thinking b. Knowledge with 3. Conceptual information c. Quantitative reasoning with 1. Math skills d. Working memory with 4. Recall of new information

The worldwide increase in intellegence test scores over as a result of various environmental factors over a short time frame is known as the _____. a. Flynn effect b. Hawthrone effect c. nature-nurture effect d. continuity-discontinuity effect

a. Flynn effect

True or false: Based on the concept of person-situation interaction, researchers have found that students choose to be in some situations and avoid others depending on their personality traits. a. True b. False

a. True

____ refer to a person's ability to think in words and to use language to express meaning. a. Verbal skills b. Naturalist skills c. Spatial skills d. Kinesthetic skills

a. Verbal skills

Critics of the between-class ability grouping argue that ________. a. average and above-average students fail to get benefits from being grouped together b. tracking fails to take into consideration the ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds of students c. less-able students are prioritized over more talented students and are urged to hold back the latter d. tracking broadens the range of skill in a group of students, making it more difficult to teach them

a. average and above-average students fail to get benefits from being grouped together

Identify the "Big Five" factors of personality. a. conscientiousness b. agreeableness c. centration d. extraversion b. agreeableness f. rumination g. openness

a. conscientiousness b. agreeableness d. extraversion b. agreeableness g. openness

Catherine, a student of neurobiology, tends to respond quickly to any situation without much thought. As a result her _____ nature, she makes mistakes and often comes up with incorrect answers. a. impulsive b. intuitive c. analytic d. rebellious

a. impulsive

In the context of the triarchic theory of intelligence, analytical intelligence involves _______. a. the ability to judge b. the ability to improvise c. the ability to invent d. the ability to apply

a. the ability to judge

The subtests and composite scores provided by the Wechsler scales allow the examiner to determine ________ of a child. a. the strengths and weaknesses b. the verbal and nonverbal intelligence c. spatial and visual processing skills d. creative and practical skills

a. the strengths and weaknesses

Tyler has a mental age of 12. What should Tyler's chronological age be if his IQ level is 100? a. 20 b. 12 c. 6 d. 16

b. 12

Which of the following factors of personality assesses whether a person is fun-loving or sombre? a. Punitiveness b. Extraversion c. Neuroticism d. Conscientiousness

b. Extraversion

True or False: Intelligence can be assessed by direct methods of measurement. a. Ture b. False

b. False

_________ includes abstract reasoning or thinking, the capacity to acquire knowledge, and problem-solving ability. a. Spatial intelligence b. General intelligence c. Naturalist intelligence d. Kinesthetic intelligence

b. General intelligence

Identify the stage during which most of the research studies on the big five factors has been conducted. a. infancy b. adolescence c. late adulthood d. old age

b. adolescence

Based on the classification of temperaments proposed by Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) __________ is one that reacts negativity and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change. a. easy child b. difficult child c. slow-to-warm-up child d. highly-active child

b. difficult child

The major finding in the study of the big five factors in childhood and adolescence is the emergence of ______ as a key predictor of adjustment and competence. a. Punitiveness b. Neuroticism c. Conscientiousness d. Rumination

c. Conscientiousness

Identify a characteristic feature of students with high analytic ability according to Robert J. Sternberg. a. They fail to conform to teachers' expectations about how assignments should be done. b. They are more effective at solving problems outside of the school setting c. They often do well in classes in which the teacher lectures or gives abstract tests d. They are usually marked down at school

c. They often do well in classes in which the teacher lectures or gives abstract tests

Rick is writing a poem for his wife. Identify the type of skill that is being used in the above example. a. Intrapersonal skills b. Naturalist skills c. Verbal skills d. Spatial skills

c. Verbal skills

According to researcher, personality of an individual is more stable in ______. a. late childhood b. early adolescence c. adulthood d. late adolescence

c. adulthood

Unlike impulsive students, reflective students ______. a. always complete tasks quickly b. ruminate less about problems c. are better decision makers d. rarely arrive timely solutions

c. are better decision makers

_______ involves a student's tendency to act quickly or to take more time to respond and ponder on the accuracy of an answer. a. hindsight bias b. cognitive complexity c. conceptual tempo d. a deep/surface style

c. conceptual tempo

Which of the following refers to self-regulation according to Mary Rothbart and John bates? a. Extraversion b. negative affectivity c. effortful control d. surgency

c. effortful control

In the context of the types of intelligence or frames of mind proposed by Gardner, he has considered including _______ at various times, which involves concern and reasoning about meaning in life, as a ninth intelligence. a. Kinesthetic intelligence b. spatial intelligence c. existential intelligence d. linguistic intelligence

c. existential intelligence

Identify a true statement about within-class ability grouping programs for students. a. it is far more commonly used in secondary schools than elementary schools b. it does not include instructional strategies for low-achieving students c. it primarily involves reading, followed by math d. there is substantial research support for the within-class ability grouping strategy used by teachers

c. it primarily involves reading, followed by math

Naturalist skills refer to the ability to ______ in nature. a. understand oneself b. think three-dimensionally c. observe patterns d. manipulate objects

c. observe patterns

Unlike surface learners, deep learners _______. a. are more likely to be motivated due to external rewards b. engage in rote learning c. take a constructivist approach to learning d. tend to learn in a passive way

c. take a constructivist approach to learning

Identify the way in which the intelligence quotient is calculated. a. (mental age x chronological age)/100 b. mental age x chronological age c. mental age + chronological age d. (mental age/chronological age) x 100

d. (mental age/chronological age) x 100

Personality researchers have identified _____ as one of the Big Five of personality to help evaluate whether an individual is organized or disorganized. a. openness b. Neuroticism c. Extraversion d. Conscientiousness

d. Conscientiousness

The _______ is a standard nongraded program for instruction in reading. a. Montessori approach b. Kennedy approach c. Dual-process model d. Joplin plan

d. Joplin plan

Which of the following is an advantage of group intelligence tests? a. They are easier to determine a student's level of anxiety b. The students understand instructions easily c. The examiner can easily establish a rapport with a student d. They are convenient and economical

d. They are convenient and economical

Matthew who is only 5 is able to spot that the volume of water is the same even though its level rises when poured from a wide container to a narrower one. In the context of the triarchic theory of intelligence, Matthew's ability to arrive at the above conclusion is representative of his ______. a. practical intelligence b. creative intelligence c. intuitive intelligence d. analytical intelligence

d. analytical intelligence

Based on Mary Rothbart and John Bates's description of temperament dimensions, negative affectivity consists of _____. a. attentional focusing and shifting b. impulsivity, activity level, and sensation seeking c. perceptual sensitivity and low- intensity pleasure d. fear, discomfort, and sadness

d. fear, discomfort, and sadness

Unlike children low on effortful control, those who are high on effortful control ______. a. become easily agitated b. have problems such as disobedience and aggressiveness c. are intensely emotional d. have the ability to keep their arousal controlled

d. have the ability to keep their arousal controlled

Which of the following temperament characteristics increases the effects of adverse environments? a. agreeableness b. manageability c. effortful control d. negative emotionality

d. negative emotionality

Scores on a Stanford-Binet test follow a ______, with a majority of scores falling in the middle of the possible range of scores and a few scores appearing toward the extremes of the range. a. chi-squared distribution b. binomial distribution c. Poisson distribution d. normal distribution

d. normal distribution

Some students are calm, some respond warmly to people whereas others fuss and fret. Such descriptions involve variations in _______. a. intuition b. punitiveness c. neuroticism d. temperament

d. temperament

In the context of theories of intelligence, Sternberg emphasized that ________. a. wisdom is linked only to academic intelligence b. academic intelligence is unnecessary for wisdom c. wise individuals just look out for themselves d. various aspects of wisdom should be taught in school

d. various aspects of wisdom should be taught in school

The ability to perceive and express emotion accurately and adaptively, to understand emotion and emotional knowledge, to monitor one's own and others' emotions and feelings, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and action is known as ____________ ____________.

emotional intelligence

The ______-________ issue involves the debate about whether development is primarily influenced by a person's biological inheritance or by his or her environmental experience.

nature-nurture

________ ______ is defined as anxiety that one's behavior might confirm a negative stereotype about one's group and is a potential influence on intelligence test performance.

stereotype threat