Chapter 4 - Language

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Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned

American Sign Language

Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as

a pidgin language

In evolutionary terms humans are distinct from other primates with respect to their ability to use language because we...

can speak using larynx

Words that originate from a common word in the same ancestral language are called

cognate words

The human ability to speak about the past, about items not present and about imaginary worlds is called

displacement

For pastoral groups such as the Dinka and the Nuer, the cow acts as which kind of symbol?

elaborating symbol

What is a feature of language?

it consists of sounds organized into words according to some sort of grammar

When anthropologists study language as a set of grammatical rules, rather than the way people use language in real settings, are focusing on

language

The US government's prohibition of Native American children speaking their own indigenous languages in Indian schools has contributed profoundly to

language death

The study of how words fit sounds together to make meaningful units is called

morphology

Anthropologist Sherry Ortner distinguished three kinds of culturally powerful symbols which do NOT include

narrative symbols

Animal call systems

only express responses to stimuli in their present environment

When language speakers use slang or metaphor, they are engaging in which concept suggested by French linguist Ferdinand de Saussure?

parole

A distinct unit of sound in a specific language that distinguishes one word from another and changes meaning.

phoneme

_________ refers to the study of speech sounds

phonology

Animal call systems lack the ability (found in human languages) to produce an infinite number of word combinations. This ability in human language is called

productivity

Brent Berlin and Paul Kay found that if a language had only three color terms, they would always be black (dark), white (light), and ______.

red


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