Chapter 4 Psychology

What occurs during stage 1 sleep?A.) both our respiration and heartbeat quicken B.) both our respiration and heartbeat slow down C.) our respiration quickens while our heartbeat slows down D.) our respiration slows down while our heartbeat quickens.

b) both our respiration and heartbeat slow down

Alcohol is considered a _________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity. A.) antipsychotic B.) depressant C.) hallucinogen D.) stimulant

b) depressant

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Smaek may have _________. A.) somnambulism B.) damage to his K-complex C.) narcolepsy D.) REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

c) narcolepsy

Cocaine is considered a _________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. A.) antipsychotic B.) depressant C.) hallucinogen D.) stimulant

d) stimulant

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world. A.) circadian B.) external C.) melatonin D.) diurnal

a) circadian

Melatonin release from the pineal gland is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by _________. A.) darkness; light B.) light; darkness C.) pulsing light; steady light D.) twilight; gloom

a) darkness; light

Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system? A.) homeostasis B.) insomnia C.) melatonin D.) rhythm

a) homeostasis

What stage of sleep are you most likely experiencing if an EEG of your brain activity showed sleep spindles and K-complexes? A.) 1 B.) 2 C.) 3 D.) REM

b) 2

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing _________ sleep. A.) night terrors B.) non-REM C.) NREM D.) REM

d) REM

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same effect. This is an example of _________. A.) physical dependence B.) psychological dependence C.) tolerance D.) withdrawl

c) tolerance

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?A.) night terrors B.) narcolepsy C.) restless leg syndrome D.) sleep apnea

a) night terrors

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of the nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________. A.) conscience B.) consciousness C.) REM sleep D.) unconsciousness

b) consciousness

_________ theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware and the other half turned in to the hypnotist. A.) cognitive behavioral B.) dissociative C.) Jungian D.) social-cognitive

b) dissociative

Mona lives on the east coast of the USA. She takes an overnight flight to the west coast to visit with family for a month; when she arrives, she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably experiencing from A.) homeostasis B.) jet lag C.) night terrors D.) parasomnia

b) jet lag

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)? A.) crying while asleep B.) kicking and punching while asleep C.) snoring while asleep D.) talking while asleep

b) kicking and punching while asleep

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ___________. A.) a disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing/ B.) an individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic. C.) an individuals' airway becomes blocked during sleep. D.) Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus.

c) an individuals' airway becomes blocked during sleep

Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness? A.) cognitive behavioral B.) dependent C.) evolutionary D.) Freudian

c) evolutionary

In Freud's model of dreams, the hidden meaning of a dream is called the ________ content. A.) ego-driven B.) preconscious C.) latent D.) manifest

c) latent

A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness. A.) cognizance B.) insomnia C.) meditation D.) narcolepsy

c) meditation

Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false? A.) Sleep deprivation can result in decreased mental alertness and cognitive function. B.) Sleep deprivation is associated with obesity. C.) Sleep deprivation has been found to lead to ADHD. D.) Sleep deprivation often results in depression-like symptoms. c

c) sleep deprivation has been found to lead to ADHD.