Chapter 4 review

Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?

lysosome

Which of the following cytoplasmic structures functions in the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus?

microtubules

Which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system?

transport vesicles

The eyepiece of a light microscope has a magnification level of 10x. If you were looking at a paramecium under the lowest-power objective (4x), what would be the total magnification of the microscope at this setting?

40x, The total magnification is determined by multiplying the levels of magnification of the eyepiece and objective.

A 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cell has a surface area that is _____ and a volume that is _____. A second cell, that is 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, has a _____ surface-to-volume ratio when compared to the first cell

60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... larger

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

They are constructed of interrelated membranes.

Which cell structure is responsible for metabolism?

Mitochondrion

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?

increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity

What component of the cell membrane connects signals from the outside of the cell with the inside of the cell and vice versa?

integrins

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________.

plant

Which plant structure is most like gap junctions in animal cells?

plasmodesmata

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?

presence of a cell wall

Which tissue would likely contain large amounts of anchoring junctions?

stomach tissue

The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category?

support, movement, and communication

If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose?

transmission electron microscope

How are cell surface proteins exported out of the cell?

The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus.

Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?

chloroplast

What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?

cristae

Which technique allowed scientists to figure out that all cells, and not just muscle cells, contained actin filaments?

electron microscopy

Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts?

embedded in the thylakoid membrane

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. In other words, fatty acids are not being broken down. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?

lysosome

Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?

several million

Which is a typical function of lysosomes?

break down damaged organelles; lysosomes are rarely found in plant cells.

A disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________

lack of dynein proteins