Chapter 4 SB Hunt

Select all of the approaches used on the individual corporate level to make technically oriented jobs accessible to less-qualified candidates.

specialized training programs apprenticeships internships

With only five years left until his planned retirement, Edward was quite upset when he was removed from a project team comprised mostly of Millennials. It is quite possible that the Millennials were reacting to a __________ of older workers.

stereotype

Organizations compete more effectively when employees feel their managers are doing which of the following?

supporting them including them valuing them

The _________ option in Thomas' framework means that differences are squelched or discouraged.

suppress

Causal attributions refer to

suspected causes of behavior

What is the purpose of The Fellowship Initiative instituted by JPMorgan Chase?

to provide academic and leadership training to young men of color

When making attributions about a worker's performance, people can assign responsibility to either internal or external factors.

true

The organizational dimensions of diversity include all of the following except

work location.

The ________ ________ option in Thomas' framework is based on the belief that good relationships can rise above differences.

Build Relationships

The _______ option in Thomas's framework means people refute that differences exis

Deny

True or false: To motivate younger employees, experts recommend that employers restrict access to social media on company devices.

False

Select the steps in the process of stereotyping.

Inferences Categorization Expectation Maintenance

Heider's attribution theory proposed that behavior can be attributed to either _________ factors, such as ability, or _________ factors, such as a difficult task.

Internal; External

Stage 1 of social perception is

Selective attention/comprehension

Which of the following describe circumstances facing people with disabilities?

The Americans with Disabilities Act protects their workplace rights. They are a valuable source of talent for many corporations. They have high unemployment rates.

Which of the following are true concerning the experience of the LGBTQ workforce?

The lack of inclusion often experienced by LGBTQ employees can impact their work engagement and performance. Many states do not offer workplace protections on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. Work environments that are unwelcoming can lead to increased turnover of LGBTQ employees

Which of the following is true of stereotypes?

They are an individual's feelings about a group of people.

The _______ option in Thomas' framework involves acknowledging differences but not valuing or accepting them

Tolerate

Ethnocentrism is based on the feeling that our cultural rules and norms are superior to or more appropriate than the rules and norms of another culture.

True

The term glass ceiling identifies an invisible but absolute barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher-level positions.

True

True or false: In early 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed President Trump's ban on transgender persons in the military to proceed, which meant that most transgender persons were disqualified from military service.

True

Which responses from management suggest a suppression approach to diversity issues?

"Quit whining." "You've got to pay your dues."

Which of the following statements regarding attribution theory are true?

Ability is an internal factor. The three dimensions of behavior vary independently in the creation of attributions. Attribution theory says behavior can be caused by external or internal influences.

Select predicted changes in diversity in the United States between 2020 and 2060.

Asian population percentage will increase. Hispanic population percentage will increase. African American population percentage will grow.

Which of the following are true considering managerial implications of attributional tendencies?

Attributional biases can lead to inappropriate managerial action and, subsequently, decreased employee motivation and performance. The role of internal causes of behavior is usually exaggerated. The way employees perform depends on the attributions they make for their performance.

Managers should remember that ___________ biases may lead them to misinterpret employee behavior and take inappropriate actions.

attributional

Implicit cognition results in _____.

biased decisions occurring unwittingly

Which of the following are ways in which organizations pursue an assimilation approach to diversity issues?

by employing orientation programs that introduce standard operating procedures by providing policies that instruct employees on what to do in specific situations by using recruitment practices that emphasize company values

What did medical device maker Arthrex and Shaw Industries Inc. incorporate to raise productivity, satisfaction, and motivation among Hispanic employees?

customized training programs to improve communication skills

The statistical measurements of populations and their qualities such as age, gender, race, and income over time are

demographics

Toleration differs from isolation as an approach to diversity issues in that

diverse people are included, but their differences are not valued or appreciated.

Managing _______ helps maintain and grow an organization in an increasingly competitive marketplace.

diversity

_________ represents the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people

diversity

Diversity applies to:

everybody

In response to changes in its core customer demographics, Target launched a campaign to reach out to ______ customers.

hispanic

Any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness are examples of

implicit cognition.

Which generic action option is an outgrowth of affirmative action programs and attempts to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people throughout an organization?

include/exclude

Managing diversity and targeting specific demographics

is a good business move.

The ________ option in Thomas' framework of options that organizations use to deal with any diversity issue is based on the action of moving the diverse person off to the side

isolate

Reasons for managing diversity go beyond its _____, ____ or _____ dimensions.

legal social moral

Which of the following are methods that have been used by major corporations to respond to issues regarding sexual orientation and transgender rights?

maintaining an inclusive culture offering transgender-inclusive health insurance assisting with taxes imposed on same-sex couples in states that did not recognize same-sex marriage

Programs to help people come back to their careers after taking a break are known as

on-ramping.

Your personal and professional success most heavily depends on

others' perceptions of you.

The three components of perception include

perceiver. target. situation

A cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings is called:

perception

Object recognition is a major function of __________.

perception

Because it signifies a stable set of characteristics responsible for a person's identity, _________ is at the center of the diversity wheel.

personality

Managers can reduce the effect of stereotypes by

providing education about how stereotypes work.

Eagly and Carli determined that modern women have a career path that

resembles a labyrinth.

Which stage of social perception involves turning mental perceptions into real-world judgments and decisions?

retrieval and response

In the encoding and simplification stage, we assign pieces of information to cognitive categories that build on a ___________ representing a mental picture or summary that helps simplify our experience.

schema

Female entrepreneurs looking for funding for their start-ups have an easier time than their male counterparts in obtaining venture capital due to gender bias on the part of investors.

False

The _________/_________ option in Thomas' framework has the goal to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people at all levels of the firm.

Include/Exclude

What is the best way to celebrate your uniqueness while remembering that some people are uncomfortable with individual differences?

Just be yourself.

Which of the following statements about workplace challenges for LGBTQ people are true?

LGBTQ employees often suffer deficits in their work engagement and performance because of a lack of inclusion. Most Fortune 500 companies offer workplace protections based on sexual orientation and gender identity.

Which of the following are improvements made in women's equality by 2018?

More seats on boards of directors Higher educational attainment than men Leadership positions in schools and government

Which of the following are key perceiver characteristics that affect our perceptions of others?

Needs and goals Direction of gaze Experience with target

Who are on-ramping programs designed to help?

People reentering the workforce after a temporary career break

Select barriers to implementing successful diversity programs.

Poor career planning Negative diversity climate Unsupportive or hostile work environment

Which of the following trends suggest the existence of a glass ceiling for minorities?

There has been a marked increase in racial discrimination cases. Hispanics and African Americans earn less than whites on average. Hispanics and African Americans comprise a smaller relative share of the professional class

The relationship building response to diversity issues seeks to foster relationships between diverse employee groups characterized by which features?

acceptance understanding

The ________ option in Thomas' framework of options that organizations use to deal with any diversity issue is based on the premise that all diverse people will learn to fit in or become like the dominant group

assimilate

The process of becoming consciously aware of someone or something is called

attention

The premise that people infer causes for observed behavior is the basis of ______ theory.

attribution

Research shows that effective mentoring of Hispanics and other workers from minority groups can significantly improve

career progression. retention.

Mental groups of objects that are considered equivalent are called

cognitive categories.

Which characteristic of the perceiver has to do with the amount of activity happening in the perceiver's brain?

cognitive load

Harold Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing

consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency.

Rosario and Pamela work together. They are also friends outside of work. Rosario and Pamela are constantly texting each other. Their supervisor comments that, while this might be fine outside of work, it's inappropriate to constantly text each other in the office. This is an example of

context of interaction.

In the coming years, the population percentage of non-Hispanic whites in the US is predicted to see:

decline

A firm that lacks diversity among its workforce but insists that the company does not take into account factors such as age, gender, or ethnicity in making hiring decisions is using which generic action option in response to diversity issues?

deny

Which characteristic of the perceiver is the first step of the perception process?

direction of gaze

The number of race-based charges of ___________ that were deemed to show reasonable cause by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission increased from 294 in 1995 to 723 in 2017.

discrimination

The ways managers can work to reduce stereotyping include:

encouraging employees to increase their awareness of stereotypes educating employees about how stereotypes influence behavior creating opportunities for diverse employees to work together as equals

Assigning someone's behavior to his or her personal characteristics instead of the circumstances is called _____.

fundamental attribution bias

Which type of bias contributes the most to managers inaccurately evaluating a job applicant's suitability for a job?

fundamental attribution bias

An invisible barrier that restrains women from reaching higher-level positions is called the:

glass ceiling

The ________ _______ is an unseen barrier that stops women from advancing to higher-level positions

glass ceiling

People with disabilities

have a higher unemployment rate than those without disabilities.

Research has shown that affirmative action programs _____.

negatively impact the people they are designed to help

Which factors most commonly dictate which stimuli are considered salient?

one's goals one's needs

In the isolation approach, managers respond to diversity issues by

placing certain employees in functionally independent "silos."

Select barriers to implementing successful diversity programs. pt.2

prejudice ethnocentrism inaccurate stereotypes

Demographics are statistical measurements of population qualities such as:

race age gender

An individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics and attributes of a group is called a:

stereotype

In the self-serving bias, employees attribute their success to controllable internal factors and their failures to uncontrollable external factors.

true

Which approach did Target use in its social media campaign to target a new core demographic?

using Spanish words that have no English equivalent

Gen Xers and Millennials are more likely than baby boomers to engage in which activity at work?

visiting social networking sites

Affirmative action programs have generated many opportunities for ________ and ________ .

women; minorities