Chapter 4: The Shoulder Girdle

pectoralis minor does...

-abduction -downward rotation -depression

serratus anterior does....

-abduction -upward rotation

rhomboid does...

-adduction -downward rotation -elevation

exercise for the rhomboid muscle

-chin-ups -dips -bent-over rowing

subclavius does ......

-depression -abduction

actions performed by the levator scapulae muscle

-elevates the medial margin of the scapula -weak downward rotation -weak adduction

levator scapulae does...

-elevation

where can the serratus anterior muscle be palpated?

-front and lateral side of the chest below the fifth and sixth ribs just proximal to their origin during abduction -upper fibers can be palpated in between the lateral borders of the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi in the axilla

identify the muscles that are involved in shoulder girdle movements.

-pectoralis minor -serratus anterior -trapezius -rhomboid -levator scapulae

what are the best exercises that strengthen the serratus anterior muscle

-push-ups -bench press -overhead press

what are some exercises that strength the fibers of the trapezius muscle?

-shoulder shrugging (upper and middle) -bent-over rowing and shoulder joint horizontal abduction (middle and lower) -chestpound shoulder retraction (lower fibers)

what is an action performed by the subclavius muscle?

-stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint -depression -abduction (protraction)

Identify the ligaments that provide support and stability to the often-injured acromioclavicular joint of the shoulder girdle.

-superior AC ligament -inferior AC ligmanet -coracoclavicular ligaments

where can the pectoralis minor muscle be palpated?

-under the pectoralis major muscle -just inferior to the coracoid process during resisted depression

anterior tilt (upward tilt)

Consequential rotational movement of the scapula about the frontal axis occurring during hyperextension of the glenohumeral joint, resulting in the superior border moving anteroinferiorly and the inferior angle moving posterosuperiorly

movement of the scapula laterally away from the spinal column

abduction

movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column

adduction

lower fibers of the trapezius muscle

adduction and rotation of the scapula upward

posterior tilt (downward tilt)

consequential rotational movement of the scapula about the frontal axis occurring during hyperflexion of the glenohumeral joint, resulting in the superior border moving posteroinferiorly and the inferior angle moving anterosuperiorly

downward movement of the scapula

depression

the levator scapula and the rhomboid receive innervation from the ______.

dorsal scapular nerve

action performed by the rhomboid muscle

downward rotation of the scapula

superior movement of the scapula

elevation

upper fibers of the trapezius muscle

elevation of the clavicle and extension of the head

the subclavius muscle is stretched by _______.

extreme elevation and retraction of the shoulder girdle

T/F the movement of the shoulder girdle is entirely dependent on the shoulder joint and its muscles.

false

an action of the trapezius muscles is ______ for deltoid action

fixation of the scapula

movement during abduction in which the scapula rotates about its vertical axis

lateral tilt (outward tilt)

shrugging the shoulders calls the ____ muscle into play, along with the upper trapezius muscle

levator scapulae

the ______ originates from C5, C6, and C7 and innervates the serratus anterior.

long thoracic nerve

spinous processes of fourth through twelfth thoracic vertebrae

lower fibers

movement during extreme adduction in which the scapula rotates about its vertical axis

medial tilt (inward tilt)

spinous processes of seventh cervical and upper three thoracic vertebrae

middle fibers

lateral tilt

movement during abduction in which the scapula rotates its vertical axis, resulting in posterior movement of the medial border and anterior movement of the lateral border.

the sternoclavicular joint of the shoulder girdle is a(n) ____ joint.

multiaxial

in the context of shoulder girdle movements, what action is an example of depression or the inferior movement of the scapula?

returning to a neutral position from a shoulder shrug

the trapezius and ___ muscles working together to produce adduction with slight elevation of the scapula

rhomboid

the scapula and the clavicle generally move as a unit, and their only bony link to the axial skeleton is provided by the clavicle's articulation with the ___.

sternum

middle fibers of the trapezius muscle

strong elevation, upward rotation, and adduction of the scapula

the ______ muscle pulls the clavicle anteriorly and inferiorly toward the sternum.

subclavius

in the scapulothracic joint, immediately posterior to the serratus anterior is the ____ muscle on the anterior scapula

subscapularis

base of skull, occipital protuberance, and posterior ligaments of neck

upper fibers

turning the glenoid fossa upward and moving the inferior angle superiorly and laterally away from the spinal column

upward rotation