chapter 4 tissues

Part complete Choose the answer that shows the correct order for the standard preparation of a histological specimen. (1) fixation, (2) staining, (3) sectioning (1) sectioning, (2) fixation, (3) staining (1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining (1) sectioning, (2) staining, (3) fixation (1) staining, (2) fixation, (3) sectioning

(1) fixation, (2) sectioning, (3) staining

Which of the following characteristics is lacking in the typical areolar connective tissue pictured in the figure? vascularity ability to support other tissues elastic properties ground substance None of these characteristics is lacking.

None of these characteristics is lacking.

What do the glands shown in A and B both have in common? Both are unicellular. Both are sebaceous glands. Both are exocrine glands. Both are endocrine glands.

Both are exocrine glands.

Which numbered cell type initiates inflammatory responses to infection or tissue damage? 3 4 5 6

5 (Cell 5 is a mast cell, which produces and secretes inflammation-triggering chemicals, such as histamine. Note the secretory granules within the pictured cell.)

Marfan's syndrome is a disease associated with faulty manufacture of the extracellular protein fibrillin. Since this is a component of elastin, in which of the numbered cells would the damaged gene be expressed? 2 3 4 5

2 (Cell 2 is a fibroblast, which is the primary producer of the major fibers (including elastin and fibrillin) in connective tissue proper. It can be identified by its numerous cell extensions.)

Which of the following statements is true? Dense irregular connective tissue has a high proportion of elastic fibers. Dense connective tissue is dominated by collagen fibers. Closely packed bundles of collagen fibers are characteristic of loose connective tissues. Loose connective tissue includes cartilage.

Dense connective tissue is dominated by collagen fibers. (Dense regular connective tissue contains closely packed bundles of collagen fibers running in the same direction, parallel to the direction of pull. This arrangement results in white, flexible structures with great resistance to tension (pulling forces) where the tension is exerted in a single direction.)

How do endocrine and exocrine glands differ? Exocrine glands use exocytosis to release their products. Exocrine glands can be multicellular. Endocrine glands do not use ducts. Exocrine glands secrete hormones.

Endocrine glands do not use ducts.

Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue? Epithelial tissue is innervated. Epithelial tissue is typically unable to regenerate. Epithelial tissue does not exhibit polarity. Epithelial tissue contains blood vessels.

Epithelial tissue is innervated.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? The cutaneous membrane is a dry membrane exposed to air. The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium Serous membranes line body cavities and organs. Mucous membranes line exits and entrances to the body.

The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium

Which of the following describes a holocrine gland? Holocrine glands secrete their products through a hollow, tubular duct. The secretory cells release their products by exocytosis. The secretory cells release their products by rupturing. The apex of the secretory cells pinches off to release their products.

The secretory cells release their products by rupturing.

Why are adipose tissue, blood, and bone all considered to be connective tissues? They all have collagen and elastic fibers in their extracellular matrix. They connect to each other. They have a common origin: the embryonic tissue mesenchyme. They have the same types of cells.

They have a common origin: the embryonic tissue mesenchyme.

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue? transport absorption insulation support

absorption (Absorption, the movement of substances into the body, is a role of epithelial tissue. Roles of connective tissue include binding and support, protection, insulation, and transportation of substances, via blood, within the body.)

In connective tissue, the role of elastic fibers is to __________. allow the tissue to stretch and recoil retain fluid provide high tensile strength form delicate networks around blood vessels

allow the tissue to stretch and recoil

Which is the most atypical connective tissue since it neither connects structures nor provides structural support? cartilage osseous blood areolar connective tissue

blood

Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary immature cell type? bone; osteoblast cartilage; fibroblast bone; fibrocyte connective tissue proper; chondrocyte

bone; osteoblast

Part complete Which muscle cell type has visible striations but is not under voluntary control? View Available Hint(s) smooth cardiac skeletal

cardiac

Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity? cardiac and smooth muscle nervous tissue and bone epithelial tissue and areolar connective tissue cardiac muscle and nervous tissue

cardiac muscle and nervous tissue

What process is depicted in the basal layer of the glandular epithelium shown in B? cell division cell fragmentation endocytosis exocytosis

cell division (Cells are regenerated by division in the basal layer and migrate toward the apical surface to replace cells lost by fragmentation. Cell division is indicated by the mitotic phase cells located in the deepest (basal) layer of the glandular epithelium.)

Which of the following is a dry membrane exposed to the air? mucous membrane serous membrane cutaneous membrane synovial membrane

cutaneous membrane

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity? nervous tissue epithelial tissue connective tissue muscle tissue

epithelial tissue

After a heart attack, fibrosis occurs at the site of cardiac muscle cell death. This reduces the efficiency of the heart's pumping activity because __________. the undamaged cardiac muscle cells become fatigued from the energy expended during the healing process fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting fibrosis produces new cardiac muscle cells that are not as strong as the mature ones that died the initial death of some cardiac muscle cells triggers a chain reaction in which progressively more and more neighboring healthy cells die

fibrous connective tissue is incapable of contracting

Part complete Diabetics with poor lower limb circulation often have slow-healing pressure ulcers on the bottom of their feet. In speeding up the healing process, surgical removal (debridement) of dead tissue from an ulcerative area would encourage increased __________. blood clot formation granulation tissue formation bacterial infection blood vessel resorption

granulation tissue formation

The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is __________. inflammation, organization, and regeneration organization, inflammation, and regeneration regeneration, organization, and inflammation inflammation, regeneration, and organization

inflammation, organization, and regeneration

Which of the following substances would NOT be found in significant amounts in the extracellular matrix of the illustrated areolar connective tissue? collagen keratin elastin proteoglycan

keratin (Keratin is a protein typically found in epithelial tissues, notably the superficial layers of the epidermis. Keratin would therefore not be found in significant quantities in the ECM of connective tissues.)

Which of these terms applies best to all material in this tissue that is not cellular? ground substance matrix mesenchyme interstitial fluid

matrix (The term matrix applies to all extracellular material seen, including the ground substance and all fibers.)

__________ are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells. Collagen Albumin Mucin Keratin Proteoglycan

mucin

An exocrine gland that has an unbranched duct would be classified as a __________. multicellular simple gland unicellular compound gland unicellular simple gland multicellular compound gland

multicellular simple gland

Besides oxygen, what other bloodborne material must be provided to the affected tissues in adequate quantities to promote normal wound healing? nitrogen nutrients calcium salts mucin

nutrients

Which of the following glands might utilize the secretory mechanism and duct structure shown in A? mucous thyroid pancreas sebaceous

pancreas

What activity does cell 1 undertake to contribute to the body's defense against injury and infection? differentiation to form red blood cells synthesis of protein fibers used to rebuild damaged tissue phagocytosis of foreign materials secretion of chemicals that trigger inflammation

phagocytosis of foreign materials (Cell 1 is a macrophage, which phagocytizes foreign materials such as bacteria and debris. It can be identified by its large size.)

The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium? View Available Hint(s) simple cuboidal epithelium ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium (the simple cuboidal cells line the kidney tubules (nephrons) so that secretion and absorption can take place.)

The wall of the alveolus (air sac) in the lung is composed of which type of epithelium? View Available Hint(s) transitional epithelium simple columnar epithelium simple squamous epithelium

simple squamous epithelium (this single layer of squamous cells is ideal for the diffusion of gases in the lungs.)

Which of the three muscle cell types has multiple nuclei? View Available Hint(s) smooth cardiac skeletal

skeletal

Which part of the neuron (a specialized nerve cell) receives signals from other cells and is also the main metabolic region of the neuron? View Available Hint(s) axon soma dendrites

soma (the soma or cell body receives inputs (signals) from other cells and sends the information to the axon. But unlike a dendrite, it also is the main metabolic and nutritional center of the cell.)

Injured cartilage might heal more quickly if a treatment were discovered that would __________. prevent chondrocytes from dividing and thereby reducing the relative amount of matrix that is present in the cartilage stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage stimulate calcification of cartilage All of the listed responses are correct.

stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage

The epithelium of the esophagus is composed of which type of epithelial tissue? View Available Hint(s) simple columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium (this epithelium protects underlying tissues from the wear and tear of constant swallowing in the esophagus.)

Part complete Which of the following epithelial tissue types is NOT correctly matched to its function? stratified squamous epithelium; absorption simple cuboidal epithelium; secretion simple columnar epithelium with microvilli; absorption simple squamous epithelium; filtration

stratified squamous epithelium; absorption

What function do transitional epithelia have? stretching resistance to friction filtration absorption

stretching

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity. True False

true

What distinguishes the gland in A from the gland in B? whether or not the secretory cells are considered epithelial or connective tissues whether or not the secretory cells are destroyed in the process of secretion whether or not they secrete products into the blood whether or not they secrete products into a duct

whether or not the secretory cells are destroyed in the process of secretion (The gland in A is secreting in a merocrine manner (exocytosis), while B is secreting in a holocrine manner (rupturing).)