Chapter 4
Projections from the U.S. Census Bureau (continued)
-2050: The percentage of women will decrease to about 62%. -Those over 65 years of age are projected to become more racially and ethnically diverse. -In 2050: 40% non-white, compared to 20% in 2012.
Adult Day Care Services
-Adult day care is used to supplement home care services or as less costly alternative to a residential care facility or a nursing care facility. -Supervision because of dementia or assistance with ADLs -Some medical services -Therapeutic treatment to maintain physical or cognitive functioning -Social and recreational activities and meals and snacks
National Study of Long-Term Care Providers in 2012
-Conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics -CMS: The source used for the providers -Study will be conducted biennially. -Used for planning long-term care needs of the aging population
Hospice
-Hospice care helps manage pain and other symptoms associated with dying when conventional treatment is no longer of value. -Emotional, psychological, and spiritual support for the patient and family -Bereavement counseling for surviving family and friends -Medical care may include necessary medications, medical supplies, and equipment.
Projections from the U.S. Census Bureau (continued)
-In recent years, the old-old (85 and older) has been the fastest growing segment of the population. -Life expectancy at this age is increasing. -The percentage of those 65 years and older is projected to grow at a much slower rate after 2030.
Long-Term Services and Support (LTSS)
-Long-term health care: The help needed by people of any age who are unable to complete basic activities of daily living (ADLs) because of physical and/or mental impairment. -Intermediate care facilities for people with intellectual disability (ICF/ID) -Inpatient psychiatric services for individuals under age 21 -Services for individuals age 65 or older in an institution for mental diseases -Nursing facilities
Medicare-covered benefits
-Medicaid covers a broad range of services not covered by Medicare. -Acts as supplemental insurance for the elderly and disabled. -Pays their Medicare premiums Covers prescription drugs -The Medicaid program is the primary payer and the only safety-net program for long-term services and support (LTSS). -Under the Medicaid spousal impoverishment provisions, a certain amount of the couple's combined resources is protected for the spouse living in the community.
Impact of future demographic changes on healthcare needs
-Population of 65 + years of age and older will continue to increase rapidly through they year 2020 -Aging population has important implications for health care, public health, and human service systems -More services will be required for the treatment and management of chronic and acute health conditions and disabilities.
Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)
-Programs that encourage states to provide the full array of Medicaid and Medicare benefits through a single delivery system in order to provide quality care for dual eligible enrollees, improve care coordination, and reduce administrative burdens. -PACE provides comprehensive preventive, primary, acute, and long-term care services so older individuals with chronic care needs can continue living in the community.
Home Health Agencies
-Provide part-time nursing and medical care in patients' homes -May also provide other services -Physical therapy -Speech therapy -Occupational therapy -Social services -Sometimes provide medical supplies and equipment: wheelchairs, walkers, etc.
Future Healthcare Personnel Needs
-Requirements for personnel specifically prepared to serve older people will greatly exceed the current supply. -Healthcare practitioners will routinely serve older people in the future as part of their regular duties. This care will make up approximately one-third to two-thirds of the workload of healthcare personnel.
Non-medical Care Facilities
-Residential Care Communities/Assisted Living Facilities -Provide a room or apartment, meals, housekeeping, medication management, assistance with ADLs as needed and recreational activities. -May be part of a retirement community, nursing home, senior housing complex, or a stand-alone facility.
Projections from the U.S. Census Bureau
-Since the first Baby Boomers turned 65 years old in 2011, the number of older people has substantially increased. -In 2050, the age group 65 years and older is anticipated to be 83.7 million, twice as large as the 43.1 million in 2012, and will represent nearly 20% of the total U.S. population by 2030.
Common chronic diseases in the elderly
-Stroke -Arthritis -Diabetes -Chronic lower respiratory diseases -Dementia -Alzheimer's disease.
Those with chronic diseases may have pre-existing health problems.
-Substance abuse -Addiction to alcohol -Mental illness -Developmental disabilities
The Future of Health Services
-The future of health services will be concentrated among older and very old people. -This fact has important implications for the education and training of all healthcare personnel. -The impact of these changes will have an increasing role in the delivery of health care and on the economy of the United States.
The Aging Network
A system of federal, state and local entities committed to supporting older Americans in living independently in their homes and communities.
Limited Health Literacy
Limited health literacy affects people of all ages, races, incomes, and education levels.
Community Long-Term Services
Privately funded, long-term care providers that are regulated by federal and/or state governments in addition to nursing homes include: -Adult day care -Residential care communities -Home health agencies -Hospice
Medicare-covered benefits
Rehabilitation centers Nursing homes Home healthcare