chapter 40 antiviral

diet considerations while on acyclovir (zovarix)

drink 2400 ml qd may be taken with food

zidovudine (retrovir)

first HIV med reverse transcriptase inhibitor can be given to pregnant women *****BONE MARROW SUPPRESION*****

to prevent renal damage, how to you administer acyclovir?

slowly over atleast and hour and diluted in the solution recommended by the manufacturer

when the nurse is teaching a pt who is taking acyclovir for genital herpes, which statement by the nurse is accurate? 1. this drug will help the lesions to dry and crust over 2. acyclovir will eradicate the herpes virus 3. this drug will prevent the spread of this virus to others 4. be sure to give this drug to your partner too

1. this drug will help the lesions to dry and crust over

Which types of antiviral drugs are used to treat HIV infection? (Select all that apply.) A) Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors B) Protease inhibitors C) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors D) Fusion inhibitors E) Neuraminidase inhibitors

A,B,C,D. All the options represent antiretroviral drugs. Combination drug therapy is used to prevent the development of resistant strains of HIV. Neuraminidase inhibitors are used in the treatment of the influenza virus.

When providing health promotion teaching at a senior citizen's center, the nurse would include information about which of the following medications used to decrease the duration of influenza A and B? A) oseltamivir (Tamiflu) B) ganciclovir (Cytovene) C) enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) D) indinavir (Crixivan)

A. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are active against influenza virus types A and B and have been shown to reduce the duration of influenza infection by several days.

The nurse is obtaining a medication history from an 18-year-old female patient who has been diagnosed with genital herpes. Which drug would the nurse expect this patient to be prescribed? A) amantadine (Symmetrel) B) acyclovir (Zovirax) C) zidovudine (Retrovir) D) ribavirin (Virazole)

B. Acyclovir is the drug of choice to treat herpes simplex infections. Ribavirin is effective against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), zidovudine against HIV, and amantadine against H. influenzae type A.

The dose-limiting side effect of ganciclovir is assessed by monitoring A) input and output. B) CBC. C) BUN. D) bowel elimination.

B. Bone marrow suppression is a dose-limiting toxicity of ganciclovir.

Which statement, if made by a patient with HIV infection, demonstrates a need for continued patient teaching? A) "I will change my position slowly to prevent dizziness and potential injury." B) "I must take these medications exactly as prescribed for the rest of my life." C) "I don't need to use condoms as long as I take my medication as prescribed." D) "I should take my zidovudine on an empty stomach to enhance absorption."

C. Antiretroviral drugs do not stop the transmission of HIV, and patients need to continue standard precautions.

Medications used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are most specifically classified as A) antifungal drugs. B) antiviral drugs. C) antiretroviral drugs. D) antiparasitic drugs.

C. HIV is a member of the retrovirus family; therefore drugs used to treat this virus are classified as antiretroviral drugs. Although antiretroviral drugs also fall under the broader category of antiviral drugs in general, their mechanisms of action are unique to the AIDS virus. So, they are more commonly referred to by their subclassification as antiretroviral drugs.

viruses controlled by current antiviral therapy

CMV hepatitis herpes HIV "flu" RSV

during treatment with zidovudine, the nurse needs to monitor for which potential adverse effect? A) retinitis B) DVT C) karposi's sarcoma D) bone marrow supression

D) bone marrow supression

Effectiveness of antiviral drugs administered to treat HIV infection is evaluated by periodic assessment of A) megakaryocytes. B) red blood cell counts. C) lymphocyte counts. D) viral load.

D. All antiretroviral drugs work to reduce the viral load, which is the number of viral RNA copies per mL of blood.

amantadine (symmetrel) is most appropriatly used for what type of patient

a heart transplant patient who is recieving phrophylaxis for influenza A

gancyclovir (cytovene). what is the main dose-limiting toxcicity for this drug

bone marrow suppression

gancyclovir is what pregnancy category

category c may develop birth defects

what antivral drug is used for phophalysis when someone has had an organ transplant

gancyclovir. used to prevent cmv

acyclovir (zovarix) is indicated for the treatment of what?

herpes zoster (shingles)indicated for both initial and recurrent episodes

amantadine (symmetral)

influenza A not recommended for treatment/prevention of the flu side effects: insomia, nervousness, lightheaded, anorexia, nausea....

osteltamivir (tamiflu and zanamivir (relenza)

influenza A&B reduces durration of illness o: n&V Z: diarrhea, nausea, sinusittis *****MUST begin with 2 days of sxs

ribaviran

inhalation form Virazole given to infants hospitilazed with RSV infections

(tamiflu) oseltamir is indicated for which condition and what are the parameters to its use?

must be used with the first 2 days of sxs appearing. indicated for prevention of infection after exposure to influenza virus types a and b reduces the duration by several days in adults

what condiction is contradicted with the use of foscarnet (foscavir)?

renal failure

HIV must use atleast 3 medications (cocktails) that include:

reverse transcriptase inhibitors protease inhibitors fusion inhibitors enrty inhibitor-ccr5 coreceptor antagonists hiv integrase strand transfer inhibitors

what antiviral drug is used to treat RSV

ribavirin used for 3 days but no longer than 7 days

rimatadine (flumadine)

same as amadtadine. (influenza A not recommended for treatment/prevention of the flu side effects: insomia, nervousness, lightheaded, anorexia, nausea....) ******fewer CNS adverse effects

what is zidovudine's major dose-limiting effect?

this med is used for HIV causes bone marrow suppression often switched to didanosine (videx) because of this

antiretroviral drugs

used for HIV

acyclovir (zovirax) is the drug of choice for which treatment?

varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

what is the time range that you can start tamiflu treatment?

within the first 2 days of sxs.

after giving an ijection to a patient with HIV infection, the nurse accidentally recieves a needlestick from a too-full needle disposal box. Reccomendations for occupation HIV exposure may include the use of which drugs? didanoside lamivudine and enfuviritude zidovudine lamivudine and indinavir acyclovir

zidovudine lamivudine and indinavir

what antiviral drug for hiv can be used on a pregnant women?

zidovudine. safe for maternal and fetal treatment.