Chapter 42 Pathophysiology NCLEX-Style Review Questions
A nurse in a fertility clinic is taking a history from the couple. When asked what type of underwear the male wears, he responds by asking, "Why do you need to know this? It seems a little too personal." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate for the nurse to reply? -"For sperm production, it is best if underwear is loose to keep scrotal termperatures 3.5 to 5°F (2 to 3°C) below body temps." -"Since you live in your clothing the better part of the day, tight-fitting underwear is a must to prevent scrotal movement." -"Tight fitting undergarments are best so sperm cannot move around too much to become deformed." -"Only plain white undergarments are best. Chemicals from colored briefs may damage the sperm."
"For sperm production, it is best if underwear is loose to keep scrotal termperatures 3.5 to 5°F (2 to 3°C) below body temps."
A 41-year-old male client is planning on having a vasectomy. While explaining this surgery to the client, the health care worker will include which physiologic principle as the basis for this contraception technique? -"Spermatozoa can no longer reach the epididymis and do not survive." -"Spermatogenesis is inhibited because sex hormones no longer stimulate the Sertoli cells." -"The rete testis becomes inhospitable to sperm." -"Sperm can no longer pass through the ductus deferens."
"Sperm can no longer pass through the ductus deferens."
When asked if it is possible for a woman who is not using birth control to become pregnant if she has unprotected sexual intercourse 1 to 2 days before she ovulates, how should the nurse respond? -"No, sperm can live only 2 to 4 hours in the female genital tract." -"Yes, sperm can live 2 to 4 days in the female genital tract." -"No, sperm can only live 1 to 2 hours in the female genital tract." -"Yes, sperm can live 1 to 2 days in the female genital tract."
"Yes, sperm can live 1 to 2 days in the female genital tract."
In order to minimize the risk of developing a hernia, when should the fetal inguinal canal close completely? -Immediately after birth -By the ninth fetal month -By the first birthday -Before the child begins walking
By the ninth fetal month
Which causes can result in primary gonadal failure? Select all that apply. -Age -Cryptorchidism -Klinefelter syndrome -Mumps -Trauma
Cryptorchidism, Klinefelter syndrome, Mumps, Trauma
Which adverse event is an undesirable effect of supraphysiologic doses of androgens? -Erectile dysfunction -Enlarged breasts -Enlarged testicles -Misshaped sperm
Enlarged breasts
Where is the final site for sperm maturation? -Bladder -Epididymis -Urethra -Bulbourethral gland
Epididymis
Which clinical manifestations in an aging male client are due to decreased levels of testosterone? Select all that apply. -Infertility -Testicular torsion -Decreased testicular size -Decreased sexual energy -Increased muscle strength
Infertility, Decreased testicular size, Decreased sexual energy
What would be the expected laboratory finding that supports a diagnosis of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism? -Low levels of testosterone and low levels of LH -Low levels of testosterone and a high level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) -High levels of LH and low levels of FSH -High levels of testosterone and a low level of luteinizing hormone (LH)
Low levels of testosterone and a high level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
As men age the reproductive system undergoes degenerative changes. The declining physiologic efficiency of the male reproductive function is also affected. The nurse understands that which systems are involved? Select all that apply. -Digestive -Integumentary -Neuromuscular -Circulatory -Endocrine
Neuromuscular, Circulatory, Endocrine
Temperature regulation of the testes is maintained by which structure? -Corpora cavernosa and prostate -Epididymis and urethra -Vas deferens and bulbourethral gland -Pampiniform plexus and cremaster muscles
Pampiniform plexus and cremaster muscles
Which system causes the urethral and bulbourethral glands to secrete mucus to aid in lubrication for sexual activity? -Parasympathetic system -Sympathetic system -Pituitary gland -Nonadrenergic-noncholinergic system (NANC)
Parasympathetic system
Screening for which disease process should be done prior to beginning testosterone replacement therapy? -Any current sexually transmitted disease -Erectile dysfunction -Any scrotal malformations -Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer
Which male organs provide the pH environment required for successful fertilization of the ovum? Select all that apply. -Prostate gland -Seminal vesicles -Scrotum -Bulbourethral glands -Ductus deferens
Prostate gland, Bulbourethral glands
A older adult male asks the nurse about factors that affect his ability to sustain an erection. The nurse will assess for which kinds of disorders that may be responsible for secondary impotence? Select all that apply. -Respiratory -Hormonal -Cardiovascular -Digestive -Hematologic
Respiratory, Hormonal, Cardiovascular, Hematologic
Which chromosome or gene results in the development of testes rather than ovaries? -YY -XY -XX -SRY
SRY
Select the structure responsible for secreting fructose that will provide energy for spermatic motility. -Prostate gland -Seminal vesicles -Bulbourethral gland -Hypothalamus
Seminal vesicles
In males, the sexual act is a complex process. The nurse knows that besides involvement with the vascular system, which body systems are involved? Select all that apply. -Spinal cord reflexes -Digestive system -Higher neural centers -Musculoskeletal system -Endocrine system
Spinal cord reflexes, Higher neural centers, Endocrine system
Which hormone is responsible for the development of male facial hair and change in voice to a deeper level? -Estrogen -Dihydrotestosterone -Testosterone -Androstenedione
Testosterone
The nurse is performing a health history of a client being evaluated for erectile dysfunction. Which disorder places the client at highest risk for the erectile dysfunction? -Type 2 diabetes -Asthma -Venous stasis -Bell's palsy
Type 2 diabetes