Chapter 42
hypoglycemia: onset A. sudden B. gradual
A
hypoglycemia: skin A. pale, moist, cool, diaphoretic B. dry, flushed, warm
A
hypoglycemia: CNS A. fatigue, weakness, nervousness, agitation, confusion, headache, diplopia, convulsions, dizziness, unconsciousness B. drowsiness, dim vision
A
hypoglycemia: GI A. hunger, nausea B. thirst, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite
A
Aspart insulin has an onset of which time interval? A. 5-10 minutes B. 10-20 minutes C. 30-60 minutes D. 60-75 minutes
A
Does DKA happen with type I or type II diabetes? A. type I B. type II C. neither D. both
A
Glulisine lasts how long? A. 1-2 1/2 hours B. 2-5 hours C. 3-5 hours D. 6-8 hours
A
Glulisine peaks at which time interval? A. 1/2-1 1/2 hour B. 1-3 hours C. 2-4 hours D. 4-12 hours
A
Lispro insulin has an onset of which time interval? A. 5-10 minutes B. 10-20 minutes C. 30-60 minutes D. 60-75 minutes
A
Lispro insulin peaks at which time interval? A. 1/2-1 1/2 hour B. 1-3 hours C. 2-4 hours D. 4-12 hours
A
What is the onset of glargine? A. 1 hour B. 2 hour C. 3 hours D. 4 hours
A
When is insulin contraindicated? A. hypoglycemia B. hyperglycemia C. tachycardia D. bradycardia
A
When teaching a client how to use a glucometer, the nurse should emphasize that the most accurate testing site when blood glucose is rapidly changing or hypoglycemia suspected is in which area? A. finger B. palm C. forearm D. thigh
A
Which HbA1c result would indicate that a client's diabetes is under good control? A. 7% B. 8% C. 10% D. 14%
A
Which drug class lowers blood sugar by stimulating the B cells of the pancreas to release insulin? A. sulfonylureas B. nonsulfonylureas C. biguanides D. meglitinides E. amylinomimetic
A
Which medication delays digestion and absorption of carbohydrates? A. acarbose B. metformin C. glucagon D. diazoxide
A
hyperglycemia: CNS A. drowsiness, dim vision B. fatigue, weakness, nervousness, agitation, confusion, headache, diplopia, convulsions, dizziness, unconsciousness
A
hyperglycemia: GI A. thirst, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite B. hunger, nausesa
A
A nurse is caring for client receiving insulin detemir 10 units at bedtime. Which of the following, if started, would most likely require a decrease in the dosage of insulin? SATA A. sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim B. metoprolol C. fenofibrate D. diltiazem E. albuterol
A, B, C
All sulfonylureas and nonsulfonylureas are contraindicated in which conditions? SATA A. DKA B. severe infection C. severe endocrine disease D. tachycardia
A, B, C
What are the adverse reactions for diazoxide? SATA A. hyperglycemia B. tachycardia C. confusion D. CHF E. nausea
A, B, C, D
Which insulins are rapid acting? SATA A. regular B. lispro C. aspart D. glulisine E.detemir
A, B, C, D
A nurse is caring for a client receiving insulin glargine 20 units at bedtime. Initiation of which of the following drugs may increase the client's insulin requirement? SATA A. methylprednisolone B. metoprolol C. fenofibrate D. estradiol E. niacin
A, B, C, D, E
Nonsulfonylureas are contraindicated in which conditions? SATA A. heart failure B. renal disease C. metabolic acidosis D. elderly E. pregnancy
A, B, C, D, E
Which drugs are sulfonylureas? SATA A. glimepiride B. glipizide C. glyburide D. nateglinide E. repaglinide
A, B, C, D, E
What is the action and use of insulin? SATA A. activates a process that helps glucose molecules enter the cells of striated muscle and adipose tissue B. promotes protein synthesis C. treats hypokalemia in combination with glucose D. controls type I, type II, and severe diabetic ketoacidosis E. treats hyperkalemia in combination with glucose
A, B, D, E
After teaching a group of nursing students about antidiabetic drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which as an example of a hormone mimetic? SATA A. exenatide B. pramlintide C. miglitol D. acarbose E. sitagliptin
A, B, E
Metformin is temporarily discontinued for what? SATA A. surgery B. impaired renal function C. contrast studies D. impaired liver function E. radiologic studies
A, C, E
Sulfonylureas are used cautiously in which conditions? SATA A. impaired renal function B. surgery C. impaired liver function D. contrast studies E. severe cardiovascular disease
A, C, E
What are the adverse reactions to insulin? SATA A. hypoglycemia B. tachycardia C. hyperglycemia D. bradycardia E. allergic reaction
A, C, E
What does insulin do? SATA A. highers blood glucose levels by inhibiting glucose production by liver B. lowers blood glucose levels by inhibiting glucose production by liver C. controls the storage and utilization of amino acids and fatty acids D. hormone manufactured by beta cells of the spleen E. hormone manufactured by beta cells of the pancreas
B, C, E
Adverse reactions of sitagliptin? SATA A. hyperglycemia B. hypoglycemia C. diarrhea D. headache E. mental confusion
B, D
Which drugs are glucose elevating agents? SATA A. metformin B. diazoxide C. exenatide D. glucagon E. acarbose
B, D
Insulin would be used cautiously in which conditions? SATA A. bradycardia B. renal impairment C. tachycardia D. hepatic impairment E. pregnancy and lactation
B, D, E
A nurse is caring for a client receiving metformin drug therapy to improve glycemic control. What adverse reaction to the drug should the nurse monitor the client for? A. flu symptoms B. asthenia C. UTI D. back pain
B
Adverse reactions of pioglitazone and linagliptin? A. hyperglycemia B. hypoglycemia C. diarrhea D. headache
B
After reviewing information about different insulin preparations, a nursing student demonstrates an understanding of the information when the student identifies which medication as an example of a long-acting insulin? A. insulin aspart B. insulin glargine C. isophane insulin suspension D. insulin lispro
B
All insulin preparations have the potential of which adverse reaction? A. hyperglycemia B. hypoglycemia C. tachycardia D. bradycardia
B
Aspart peaks at which time interval? A. 1/2-1 1/2 hour B. 1-3 hours C. 2-4 hours D. 4-12 hours
B
Glulisine insulin has an onset of which time interval? A. 5-10 minutes B. 10-20 minutes C. 30-60 minutes D. 60-75 minutes
B
Lispro insulin lasts for how long? A. 1-2 1/2 hours B. 2-5 hours C. 3-5 hours D. 6-8 hours
B
What is the adverse reaction for glucagon? A. hypoglycemia B. hyperglycemia C. tachycardia D. headache
B
What is the onset of detemir? A. 1 hour B. 2 hours C. 3 hours D. 4 hours
B
When a patient is taking a sulfonylureas and an anticoagulant, which interaction would the nurse observe for? A. increased risk of bleeding B. increased hypoglycemic effect C. increased hyperglycemic effect D. increased risk of falls
B
Which insulin can be given IV? A. lispro B. regular C. aspart D. glulisine
B
Which medication sensitizes the liver to circulating insulin levels and reduces hepatic glucose production? A. acarbose B. metformin C. miglitol D. amylin
B
Which medication would a nurse identify as a noninsulin injectable antidiabetic drug? A. sitagliptin B. exenatide C. glipizide D. piolitazone
B
hyperglycemia: blood glucose level A. less than 60 B. more than 200
B
hyperglycemia: miscellaneous A. numbness, tingling of tongue/lips B. acetone breath, excessive urination
B
hyperglycemia: onset A. sudden B. gradual
B
hyperglycemia: pulse A. normal or uncharacteristic B. rapid, weak
B
hyperglycemia: respirations A. normal to rapid, shallow B. deep, rapid
B
hyperglycemia: skin A. pale, moist, cool, diaphoretic B. dry, flushed, warm
B
hypoglycemia: blood glucose level A. more than 200 B. less than 60
B
hypoglycemia: miscellaneous A. acetone breath, excessive urination B. numbness, tingling of lips/tongue
B
hypoglycemia: pulse A. rapid, weak B. normal or uncharacteristic
B
hypoglycemia: respirations A. deep, rapid B, normal to rapid, shallow
B
Adverse reactions of rosiglitazone? SATA A. hyperglycemia B. hypoglycemia C. diarrhea D. headache E. mental confusion
B, C
The oral antidiabetic drug class sulfonylureas (-ide) all have which adverse reactions in common? SATA A. DKA B. hyperglycemia C. hypoglycemia D. diarrhea E. mental confusion
B, C
Which insulins are long-acting insulins? SATA A. regular B. glargine C. detemir D. lispro E. NPH
B, C
Adverse reactions of exenatide? SATA A. hyperglycemia B. hypoglycemia C. diarrhea D. headache E. mental confusion
B, C, D
Adverse reactions of liraglutide? SATA A. hyperglycemia B. hypoglycemia C. diarrhea D. headache E. nausea
B, C, D, E
A nurse is caring for a client with elevated blood glucose levels who is to receive alpha-glucosidase inhibitor drug therapy. The nurse understands that this therapy would be contraindicated if the client had which condition? SATA A. severe heart failure B. cirrhosis C. chronic intestinal diseases D. type I diabetes E. colonic ulcerations
B, C, E
A client is receiving metformin therapy at a health care facility. The client is also prescribed glucocorticoids. The nurse would be alert for which adverse reaction due to the interaction of these two drugs? A. increased hypoglycemic effect B. delay in gastric emptying C. increased risk for lactic acidosis D. increased risk for bleeding
C
A client with diabetes is undergoing testing for glycosylated hemoglobin. The nurse instructs the client that this test measures average blood glucose over what time period? A. the past 12-24 hours B. the past 1-2 months C. the past 3-4 months D. the past 7-10 days
C
A nurse instructs a client who is elderly to eat within 30 minutes of the administration of which antidiabetic drugs to prevent hypoglycemia? A. pioglitazone B. acarbose C. glyburide D. metformin
C
A nurse is preparing to administer a rapid-acting insulin. Which medication would the nurse most likely administer? A. isophane insulin suspension B. insulin detemir C. insulin lispro D. insulin glargine
C
Aspart lasts how long? A. 1-2 1/2 hours B. 2-5 hours C. 3-5 hours D. 6-8 hours
C
How are acarbose and miglitol administered? A. after meals B. at bedtime C. three times a day with the first bite of the meal D. BID after meals
C
How long does long-acting insulins last? A. depends on the insulin B. 12 hours C. 24 hours D. 48 hours
C
Regular insulin has an onset of what time? A. 5-10 minutes B. 10-20 minutes C. 30-60 minutes D. 60-75 minutes
C
Regular insulin peaks at which time interval? A. 1/2-1 1/2 hour B. 1-3 hours C. 2-4 hours D. 4-12 hours
C
When should rapid acting insulin be given? A. after meals B. at bedtime C. 15 mins before meals D. whenever they feel lightheaded
C
Which drug class decreases insulin resistance? A. sulfonylureas B. nonsulfoylureas C. thiazolidinediones D. meglitinides
C
A nurse at a health care facility is caring for a client who has been prescribed insulin for the first time. Which preadministration assessments should the nurse perform before the first dose of insulin is given? A. assessment of the hearing ability of the client B. assessment for hypoglycemic episodes C. assessment of the dental health of the client D. general assessment of the skin
D
A nurse is preparing to administer an insulin that is clear. Which insulin would the nurse most likely administer? A. humulin N B. humulin L C. humulin U D. humilin R
D
Regular insulin lasts for how long? A. 1-2 1/2 hours B. 2-5 hours C. 3-5 hours D. 6-8 hours
D
When teaching a client about insulin administration, the nurse would instruct the client to administer insulin aspart at which time? A. immediately after a meal B. 30-60 minutes before a meal C. at bedtime D. immediately before a meal
D
Which drugs are nonsulfonylureas? SATA A. acarbose B. migilitol C. metformin D. pioglitazone E. rosiglitazone F. sitagliptin G. linagliptin H. exenatide I. liraglutide
all of the above