Chapter 4.3: Formation of Post Colonial India/Pakistan
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)
Right wing Hindu nationalist group advocating anti Muslim campaign of hatred Opposed Gandhi who negotiated with Muslims
Sikh Separatism
Wanted own state but were ignored Moved east out of West Punjab with Hindus Invasion of holy Golden Temple due to protests of Akali Dal Fasting led to split of Punjab into Hindu Haryana and Punjab for Sikhs
Central Treaty Organization
Alliance to limit spread of containment that Pakistan joined
Containment
American Cold War strategy to prevent spread of communism by forming alliances with non communist countries
Green Revolution
Attempt to use high yielding seeds , chemical fertilizers, irrigation to increase agricultural output Only rich benefitted and only some land compatible
Direct Action Day
August 16 1946 when Jinnah called for direct action to demand partition Ended in violence
Hindu Nationalism
Bharatiya Jan Singh (Hindu nationalist party) wanted to unify India under one culture/religion Replaced by Bharatiya Janata that destroyed Muslim mosque leading to violence
South East Asia Treaty Organization
Alliance formed as part of containment to limit spread of communism Pakistan joined
West Pakistan
Had larger representation in armed forces/govt Urdu speaking majority that crushed opposition in East Pakistan with military
Non Alignment
India did not ally with the First World (West) or Second World (Soviet) during Cold War
Mountbatten
Last British viceroy sent to India to oversee independence process Whether power handed to multiple states, where borders would lie, fate of princely states
Great Calcutta Killing
More than 4000 people killed Violence between Hindus and Muslims that let British see irreconcilable differences
East Pakistan
More than half of population lived in poverty Spoke Bengali and were against West Pakistan exploitations Eventually became Bangladesh
Kashmir
Northwestern state bordering Pakistan and India Had Hindu ruler but Muslim majority India and Pakistan fought war and UN eventually divided in two
Princely States
Parts of India that remained under hereditary rulers Allowed to choose which side of partition to join
