Chapter 44 Digestion Quiz

Intrinsic factor is a gastric secretion necessary for the intestinal absorption of vitamin _____, which prevents pernicious anemia.

B12

Secreted by the gallbladder, responsible for fat emulsion.

Bile

Digests carbohydrates & helps form fructose

Sucrase

The nurse has been directed to position a patient for an examination of the abdomen. What position should the nurse place the patient in for the exam?

Supine position with the knees flexed to relax the abdominal muscles

The nurse is collecting a stool specimen from a patient. What characteristic of the stool indicates to the nurse that the patient may have an upper GI bleed?

Tarry & black

The nurse is providing instructions to a patient scheduled for a gastroscopy. What should the nurse be sure to include in the instructions? Select all that apply.

The patient must fast for 8 hours before the examination. The throat will be sprayed with a local anesthetic. After gastroscopy, the patient cannot eat or drink until the gag reflex returns (1-2 hours).

The nurse is assisting the physician with a colonoscopy for a patient with rectal bleeding. The physician requests the nurse to administer glucagon during the procedure. Why is the nurse administering the medication during the procedure?

To relax colonic musculature & reduce spasm

Helps convert protein into amino acids

Trypsin

3 pancreatic secretions that contain digestive enzymes

Trypsin, Amylase, Lipase

When is a MRI contraindicated?

When the patient has any of the following: permanent pacemakers, artificial heart valves, & implanted insulin pumps.

A patient is in the outpatient recovery area after having colonoscopy and informs the nurse of abdominal cramping. What I the best response by the nurse?

"The cramping is caused by the air insufflated in the colon during the procedure."

The stomach, which derives its acidity from hydrochloric acid, has a pH of approximately_____.

1.0

A flexible sigmoidoscope permits how much of the lower bowel to be viewed?

16-20 inches

It takes _______ hours after eating for food to pass into the terminal ileum. It takes _______ hours for food to reach & distend the rectum.

4; 12

Facilitates the production of dextrin & maltose

Amylase

A patient is being prepared for esophageal manometry. The nurse should inform the patient to withhold what medication for 48 hours prior to the procedure?

Aspirin

What role do the sympathetic & parasympathetic portions of the ANS play in GI function?

Both portions innervate the GI tract. Sympathetic nerves exert an inhibitory effect on the GI tract, decreasing gastric secretion & motility & causing the sphincters & blood vessels to constrict. Parasympathetic nerve stimulation causes peristalsis & increases secretory activities. The sphincters relax under the influence of parasympathetic stimulation, except for the sphincter of the upper esophagus & the external anal sphincter, which are under voluntary control.

During a colonoscopy with moderate sedation, the patients groans with obvious discomfort & begins bleeding from the rectum. The patient is diaphoretic & has an increase in abdominal girth from distension. What complication of the procedure is the nurse aware may be occurring?

Bowel perforation

A patient is scheduled for a fiberoptic colonoscopy. What does the nurse know that fiberoptic colonoscopy is most frequently used to diagnose?

Cancer screening

A patient is complaining of abdominal pain associated with digestion. What is characteristic of this type of pain?

Described as crampy or burning

The nurse is performing an assessment of a patient. During the assessment the patient informs the nurse of some recent "stomach trouble". What does the nurse know is the most common symptom of patients with DI dysfunction?

Dyspepsia

The nurse is investigating a patient's complaint of pain in the duodenal area. Where should the nurse perform the assessment?

Epigastric area & consider possible radiation of pain to the right subscapular region.

The nurse auscultates the abdomen to assess bowel sounds. She documents 5-6 sounds heard in less than 30 seconds. How does the nurse document the bowel sounds?

Hyperactive

The nurse is performing an abdominal assessment for a patient in the hospital with complaints of abdominal pain. What part of the assessment should the nurse perform first?

Inspection

What will occur if there is a lack of intrinsic factor secreted by the gastric mucosa?

Intrinsic factor, also secreted by the gastric mucosa, combines with dietary vitamin B12 so that the vitamin can be absorbed in the ileum. In the absence of

Helps form galactose

Lactase

Glucose is a product of this enzymes action

Maltase

The nurse is performing an initial assessment of a patient complaining of increased stomach acid r/t stress. The nurse knows that the physician will want to consider that influence of what neuroregulator?

Norepinephrine

Describe what results from obstruction of the GI tract

Obstruction from the GI tract increases the force of intestinal contraction. Distension occurs above the point of obstruction, causing pain & a sense of bloating.

The nurse is assisting the physician with a gastric acid stimulation test for a patient. What medication should the nurse prepare to administer subcutaneously to stimulate gastric secretions?

Pentagastrin

Digests protein & helps form polypeptides

Pepsin

When the patient is to perform a Hemoccult II test, what should the nurse inform the patient to avoid in order to prevent a false positive result?

Red meats, aspirin, NSAIDs, turnips, & horseradish should be avoided 72 hours prior to the study because they may cause a false positive result. Ingestion of vitamin C from supplements or foods can cause a false negative.

The stomach's 4 anatomic regions

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

Reflux of food into the esophagus from the stomach is prevented by contraction of the _____________.

cardiac sphincter

Structural changes in the esophagus that occur as the result of aging

decreased motility & emptying, weakened gag reflex, decreased resting pressure of the lower sphincter

The major carbohydrate that tissues use for fuel

glucose

Chyme, partially digested food that is mixed with gastic contents, stimulates segmented contractions, which are ___________ & intestinal peristalsis, which is ____________.

mixed waves that move the intestinal contents back & forth in a churning motion; a movement that propels the contents of the small intestine toward the colon

The digestion of starches begins in the mouth with the secretion of this enzyme

ptyalin

A hormonal regulatory substance that inhibits stomach contraction & gastric secretions

secretin