Chapter 49: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Developmental and Metabolic Disorders

Which clients should the nurse assess to determine if they have premature osteoporosis? A. Anyone with an eating disorder. B. Clients who run daily. C. Anyone under the age of 20. D. Anyone over the age of 70.

A. Anyone with an eating disorder.

Which statement is true considering nutrition and hydration status with exercise? A. Proteins are necessary for rebuilding tissues in the body. B. Increased fat intake is essential for increased calorie use during exercise. C. Muscles must use protein for energy during exercise. D. Hydration should be decreased prior to and during exercise to eliminate the need to urinate.

A. Proteins are necessary for rebuilding tissues in the body. Proteins are necessary for rebuilding tissues in the body, but they are not used for energy during exercise. Hydration is essential before during and after exercise to replace lost body fluid. Fat intake is not essential, although increased calorie use occurs with regular exercise. (p.235)

The nurse is providing teaching for parents of a 2-week-old infant just diagnosed with clubfoot. The nurse includes that the first treatment option is: A. serial manipulations and casting. B. full-time wearing of Denis Brown splint. C. percutaneous tendoachilles lengthening. D. surgical relaxation of foot ligaments and tendons.

A. serial manipulations and casting.

Which assessment finding is a positive outcome of treatment with diet and exercise for hypercholesterolemia? A. Lowered high-density lipoproteins B. Increased high-density lipoproteins C. Increased low-density lipoproteins D. Increased blood glucose levels

B. Increased high-density lipoproteins

A client has been told to increase aerobic exercise. Which activity could the client choose? A. Resistance training B. Running C. Leg lifts D. Weight lifting

B. Running

A child has been diagnosed with myopathic neuromuscular scoliosis. What other concurrent diagnosis may the child have? A. Epilepsy B. Down syndrome C. Cerebral palsy D. Huntington disease

C. Cerebral palsy

Which information is important for the nurse to teach the female client about the development of osteoporosis? A. "Men are at higher risk than women for osteoporosis." B. "Screening for osteoporosis should be performed for everyone regardless of age." C. "Dietary changes will not help osteoporosis." D. "Estrogen deficiency contributes to the development of osteoporosis."

D. "Estrogen deficiency contributes to the development of osteoporosis."

A nurse is evaluating the progress of a client with chronic fatigue syndrome. Which statement by the client indicates successful symptom management? A. "I work until I run out of energy, and then I rest." B. "I often find it is too much work to fix a meal." C. "My family wants me to volunteer at the animal shelter." D. "My schedule includes yoga and a weekly club meeting."

D. "My schedule includes yoga and a weekly club meeting."

The nurse caring for a child with a deficiency of vitamin D knows that the deficiency places the child at risk for:

Rickets

Which of the following statements is true about congenital clubfoot? A. Clubfoot may be associated with congenital syndromes. B. Clubfoot affects girls more than boys. C. Clubfoot only occurs in severe genetic defects. D. Clubfoot is not treatable.

A. Clubfoot may be associated with congenital syndromes.

Osteoporosis is a disease caused by demineralization of bone. What is the clinical method of choice for diagnosing osteoporosis? A. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the spine and hip B. Serum calcium levels C. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest cavity and femur D. Body mass index (BMI)

A. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the spine and hip

The nurse is assessing a female client's risk for osteoporosis. Which factor places this client at greatest risk? A. Menopause B. Black race C. Obesity D. Male gender

A. Menopause

After a week in which a client worked four 12-hour shifts and went home to two children with the flu, the client is feeling fatigued. How should this client's fatigue be categorized? A. Physiologic B. Pathologic C. Idiopathic D. Psychological

A. Physiologic

Which symptoms commonly occur with Osgood-Schlatter disease? Select all that apply. A. Femoral pain B. Edema of the knee C. Knee pain D. Foot pain E. Tenderness in the knee and tibia

B, C, and E

Which test should be included when screening a client for potential causes of rickets? A. Platelet count B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine C. Blood cultures D. White blood cell count

B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine

The nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a 3-year-old girl with internal femoral torsion. Which statement should the nurse include? A. The condition will self correct. B. The child should sit in the tailor position. C. The condition is more common in boys than girls. D. The most comfortable position for the child is the "M" position.

B. The child should sit in the tailor position. Children with internal femoral torsion (femoral anteversion) should be encouraged to sit in the tailor or crossed leg position. Internal femoral torsion is commonly seen during the first 6 years of life, especially in 3 to 4 year old girls. Children are most comfortable sitting in the "W" position with their hips between their knees.

What is the definition of a congenital deformity? A. Deformities occurring at inception B. Deformities occurring from the birthing process C. Abnormalities present at birth D. Abnormalities occurring after birth

C. Abnormalities present at birth

How will the nurse teach the client to utilize metabolic equivalents when starting an exercise routine? A. Metabolic equivalents tell the client to stop activity. B. As metabolic equivalents increase, activity decreases. C. The client should understand that activities with higher metabolic equivalents have higher workloads. D. The client should strive to keep metabolic equivalents in activity to a minimum.

C. The client should understand that activities with higher metabolic equivalents have higher workloads.

The nurse is providing care for an adult client whose current medication regimen includes calcitonin and a bisphosphonate. The nurse should recognize the likely need for: A. limitations on weight-bearing exercise. B. orthopedic surgery. C. bone density testing on a scheduled basis. D. assessment for the presence of genu varum or genu valgum.

C. bone density testing on a scheduled basis.

Which best describes metatarsus adductus? A. A condition of toeing-out caused by external femoral torsion B. A condition involving a congenital dislocation at the hip C. An abnormal rotation of the hip D. An adducted forefoot that gives the foot a kidney-shaped appearance

D. An adducted forefoot that gives the foot a kidney-shaped appearance

The health care provider is explaining the course of treatment to the parents of a 2-day-old infant born with congenital clubfoot. Which treatment options will likely be discussed? A. Bilateral hip spica cast B. Immediate corrective surgery C. Steroids and pain medication D. Serial manipulations and casting of the affected extremity

D. Serial manipulations and casting of the affected extremity