Chapter 5-10 Quizzes

chapter 7

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chapter 9

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Chapter 5

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chapter 10

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Karen believes that her qualities and learning abilities cannot change despite all her efforts. Therefore, she has decided not to try at all and let her grades plummet. In the context of Carol Dweck's description of mindsets, which of the following best describes Karen's mindset? apathetic mindset variable mindset fixed mindset growth mindset

fixed mindset

chapter 8

idk why it's first

The initial stage of the development of romantic relationships in adolescence is characterized by entry into romantic attractions and affiliations at about ________ years of age. a. 11 to 13 b. 14 to 16 c. 17 to 19 d. 8 to 9

a. 11 to 13

________ is a relatively mild autism spectrum disorder in which the child has relatively good verbal language skills, milder nonverbal language problems, and a restricted range of interests and relationships. a. Asperger syndrome b. Fragile X syndrome c. ADHD d. Down syndrome

a. Asperger syndrome

Which of the following is a strategy for improving children's memory skills? a. Embed memory-relevant language when instructing children. b. Motivate children to remember material by memorizing it. c. Discourage children from engaging in mental imagery. d. Avoid repetition of the same instructional information.

a. Embed memory-relevant language when instructing children.

_______ refers to an umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the brain's prefrontal cortex, which play a role in managing thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control. a. Executive function b. Executive attention c. Prefrontal inhibition d. Prefrontal control

a. Executive function

________ involves a sense of one's own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female. a. Gender identity b. Gender role c. Gender typing d. Gender labeling

a. Gender identity

________ is characterized by self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts. a. Intimacy in friendships b. Social comparison c. Physical support d. Ego support

a. Intimacy in friendships

________ play, which can be engaged in throughout life, involves the repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills are required for games or sports. a. Practice b. Pretense c. Social d. Sensorimotor

a. Practice

Which of the following plays a key role in planning and organizing new actions and maintaining attention to tasks? a. Prefrontal cortex b. Bilateral cortex c. Amygdala d. Hippocampus

a. Prefrontal cortex

________ learning is a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community. a. Service b. Collaborative c. Cooperative d. Social

a. Service

Which of the following statements is true of pubertal growth spurt? a. The growth spurt occurs approximately 2 years earlier for girls than for boys. b. The peak rate of pubertal change occurs at 11½ years for boys. c. During their growth spurt, girls increase in height about 4 inches per year. d. The mean age at the beginning of the growth spurt in girls is 11.

a. The growth spurt occurs approximately 2 years earlier for girls than for boys.

A number of leading experts on adolescent sexuality conclude that abstinence-only programs a. are less effective at reducing the risk of adolescent pregnancy than sex-education programs. b. are more effective at reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections than sex-education programs. c. prevent adolescent pregnancies better than sex-education programs emphasizing contraceptive knowledge. d. provide useful knowledge about safe sex to sexually active adolescents.

a. are less effective at reducing the risk of adolescent pregnancy than sex-education programs.

Carissa is ready to read the chapter in her textbook for tomorrow. She knows that her smartphone is a distraction for her, so she turns the sound off. A few times while she was reading she wondered if she had any messages, but then thought, "Well, that will be my reward for getting through this. I need to keep reading." Carissa is demonstrating: a. cognitive control. b. postformal operations. c. personal fable. d. hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

a. cognitive control.

In terms of self-understanding, children in late childhood are more likely than children in early childhood to a. compare themselves with others. b. refrain from social comparison. c. use physical characteristics to describe themselves. d. use outer states to describe themselves.

a. compare themselves with others.

________ parents interact with their children in a less rejecting manner, use more scaffolding and praise, and are more nurturant than are emotion-dismissing parents. a. Emotion-facilitator b. Emotion-dismissing c. Emotion-coaching d. Emotion-encouraging

c. Emotion-coaching

As opposed to the trend in young children, teenagers typically prefer to have a. friends that are of the same sex. b. a large group of friends, some of whom are especially intimate. c. several friends but only one "best" friend. d. a smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate.

d. a smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate.

Stella has involved, responsive parents who support her in her choices as long as she adheres to certain basic rules that they have set for her, like keeping up her grades and coming home in time for dinner on weekdays. Thus, Stella's relationship with her parents is characterized by a high level of trust, acceptance, and quality. Research indicates that Stella would a. be concerned about parental disapproval and thus more likely to lie to her parents. b. be likely to experience problems in adolescent adjustment. c. be unwilling to disclose her activities to her parents. d. be likely to share information about her whereabouts, friends, and activities.

d. be likely to share information about her whereabouts, friends, and activities.

Conflicts arise between parents and adolescents because a. parents want their adolescents to push the boundaries, while adolescents want to maintain the status quo. b. parents want to relinquish all of their control over their adolescent. c. while parents want autonomy, adolescents want a connection. d. few parents anticipate how strongly their adolescent will push for autonomy and responsibility.

d. few parents anticipate how strongly their adolescent will push for autonomy and responsibility.

Improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late childhood is a reflection of: a. a simultaneous process where axons in the brain die off, while dendrites in the brain grow and branch out. b. an increase in the neurotransmitter dopamine. c. advances in the prefrontal cortex. d. increased myelination of the central nervous system.

d. increased myelination of the central nervous system.

Five-year-old Donna uses shorter, simpler sentences when talking to her baby brother. She speaks in a very informal way with her friends and uses a more formal language with her father's friends. Donna is demonstrating her grasp of a. syntax. b. phonology. c. morphology. d. pragmatics.

d. pragmatics.

Meredith, age three, walks by her grandmother's collection of glass animals and says, "Those are a 'no-no'; don't touch." It would appear that Anna is using ________ to regulate her own behavior. a. mindstream b. symbolic function c. intuitive reasoning d. private speech

d. private speech

Angie's mother allows her to schedule her study and relaxation time on her own and, in turn, expects Angie to continue doing well in school and to discuss her activities ahead of time. Her mother frequently checks on her school progress and talks to her about her problems and her social life. In this context, Angie's mother's approach to parent-child relationships is most likely to be a process of a. coregulation. b. latchkey control. c. unilateral control. d. boundary ambiguity.

a. coregulation.

James Marcia defines ________ as a period of identity development during which an individual is exploring alternatives. a. crisis b. conscientiousness c. commitment d. calling

a. crisis

Maggie, a 4-year-old girl, decides to gift her father a teddy bear on his birthday because she likes teddy bears. She asks her elder brother to help her wrap the gift. She does not consider the fact that her father may not like the gift or have no use for it. In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates a. egocentrism. b. conservation. c. decentration. d. animism.

a. egocentrism.

Rachel is learning to manage her frustration when she can't make something work the way she wants it to. She used to throw things and cry when frustrated, but now she's learning to ask for help. Rachel is developing: a. emotion regulation. b. moral reasoning. c. guilt. d. initiative.

a. emotion regulation.

Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory and Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence are examples of the idea that: a. intelligence consists of a number of specific abilities. b. there are three types of intelligence. c. culture plays an important role in the development of intelligence. d. intelligence is a general ability.

a. intelligence consists of a number of specific abilities.

Identity Development a. is multifaceted and takes place in bits and pieces. b. involves making decisions once and for all. c. is a single, neat process. d. happens cataclysmically.

a. is multifaceted and takes place in bits and pieces.

A person who is arrested for stealing company documents says, "Yes, I did steal the documents, and I am willing to go to jail for it. These documents prove that the company was engaging in a cover-up of the unsafe properties of its chemical. I think the public has a right to know about it." Lawrence Kohlberg would classify this person as using ________ reasoning. a. postconventional b. preconventional c. conventional d. unconventional

a. postconventional

Angela is developing the habit of doing her homework as soon as she gets home. Today she was tempted to go outside and play with her dog, and she actually got up from the table for a few seconds, but then thought better of it and sat back down. Angela is displaying her: a. self-regulation b. self-efficacy c. self-concept d. self-esteem

a. self-regulation

All of the following are reasons for avoiding spanking or similar punishments EXCEPT: a. spanking provides a release for the parents and allows them to calm down. b. punishment can instill fear, rage, and avoidance in children. c. punishment points out what children shouldn't do, but doesn't offer any alternatives. d. spanking and yelling shows children that this is the way to handle conflict.

a. spanking provides a release for the parents and allows them to calm down.

Alex is three years old. His parents are concerned because he is always running and jumping around. He cannot seem to sit still. Even when watching his favorite movie on TV, he fidgets and wiggles. It is especially frustrating to his parents when Alex does not sit still through dinner. Which is the best advice for Alex's parents? a. Have him tested for gifted abilities. b. Be assured that his behavior is normal for his age. c. Have him tested for attention deficit disorder. d. Start him on a behavior modification program.

b. Be assured that his behavior is normal for his age.

Which of the following best describes the relation between centration and conservation? a. Conservation is independent of centration. b. Centration is evidenced in young children's lack of conservation. c. Centration is due to the lack of conservation. d. Conservation requires centration.

b. Centration is evidenced in young children's lack of conservation.

Which of the following statements about children who are bilingual is true? a. Children who are bilingual have lower cognitive flexibility than children who are monolingual. b. Children who are bilingual are better at analytical reasoning than children who are monolingual. c. Children who are bilingual have a larger vocabulary in each language than children who are monolingual. d. Children who are bilingual are less conscious of the structure of spoken language than children who are monolingual.

b. Children who are bilingual are better at analytical reasoning than children who are monolingual.

In the context of children's development, which of the following is true of children's friendships? a. Friends usually have different achievement orientations. b. Children's friendships are typically characterized by similarity. c. Throughout childhood, friends are more dissimilar than similar in terms of sex. d. Children's friendships are all typically alike.

b. Children's friendships are typically characterized by similarity.

Which of the following statements is true about the characteristics of a clique? a. It is formed solely because adolescents engage in diverse activities. b. The members of a clique are usually of the same sex. c. The average number of people in a clique is eight to ten. d. It is less personal than a crowd.

b. The members of a clique are usually of the same sex.

Derek and his little sister, Amelia, are each given a large cookie. Their mother breaks Amelia's cookie into four pieces to help her eat it more easily. Derek immediately begins to cry and says that it is not fair for his sister to get so many cookies when he only has one. Derek is showing a lack of: a. intuition. b. conservation. c. symbolic function. d. constancy.

b. conservation.

Monica believes that Ross's accidental act of breaking 12 plates by dropping a box is worse than Joey intentionally breaking two plates when he was frustrated. Monica is demonstrating: a. moral independence. b. heteronomous morality. c. social competitiveness. d. empathic thinking.

b. heteronomous morality.

In the formal operational stage, adolescents begin to think more as a scientist thinks, devising plans to solve problems and systematically testing solutions. This type of problem solving requires ________. a. trial-and-error reasoning b. hypothetical-deductive reasoning c. concrete operational reasoning d. preconventional reasoning

b. hypothetical-deductive reasoning

The ________ is adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, as well as attention-getting behavior—attempts to be noticed, visible, and "on stage." a. personal fable b. imaginary audience c. collective myth d. stage fear

b. imaginary audience

Janice believes that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. In the context of Jean Piaget's theory of moral development, this scenario indicates that Janice believes in the concept of a. restorative justice. b. immanent justice. c. reciprocal socialization. d. egocentrism.

b. immanent justice.

Unlike the constructivist approach to instruction, the direct instruction approach a. is characterized by maximum time spent by students on nonacademic tasks. b. is a structured, teacher-centered approach that is characterized by high teacher expectations for students' progress. c. emphasizes active learning and adequately challenges children to think in critical and creative ways. d. is a learner-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from a teacher

b. is a structured, teacher-centered approach that is characterized by high teacher expectations for students' progress.

The four problems that affect most adolescents are drug abuse, sexual problems, school-related problems, and a. career choice dilemmas. b. juvenile delinquency. c. peer-related problems. d. family problems.

b. juvenile delinquency.

The theory of ________ refers to awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others. a. consciousness b. mind c. recognition d. self-awareness

b. mind

Phoebe, a four-year-old, says, "I'm a firefighter putting out the fire!" as she holds her grandpa's cane like a firehose. Phoebe is engaging in ________ play. a. practice b. pretense/symbolic c. sensorimotor d. social

b. pretense/symbolic

Which of the following is the third-leading cause of death in 10- to 19-year-olds today in the United States? a. motor vehicle accidents b. suicide c. homicide d. infectious diseases

b. suicide

During a workshop for mothers, one of the topics of discussion was the increasing use of cell phones and other gadgets by children. During the session, the speaker requested parents to monitor their children's screen time and stressed the importance of exercise in a child's physical development. She requested parents to exercise more often so that their children would be encouraged to spend less time with their gadgets and more time involved in physical activities. Which of the following statements explains why the speaker put forth this request? a. Studies show that screen time is associated with higher connectivity between brain regions. b. Studies show that screen time is associated with higher levels of language skills and cognitive control. c. Studies show that a higher level of screen time increases the risk of obesity for low- and high-activity children. d. Studies show that screen time is linked with high activity and stable sleep patterns in children.

c. Studies show that a higher level of screen time increases the risk of obesity for low- and high-activity children.

Terence has a learning disability that involves difficulty in math computation. This disability is also known as developmental arithmetic disorder. On the other hand, Mindy, his classmate, finds it extremely challenging to read or spell simple words. Based on the given information, which of the following statements is true? a. Terence has dysgraphia, whereas Mindy has dyscalculia. b. Terence has ADHD, whereas Mindy has dysgraphia. c. Terence has dyscalculia, whereas Mindy has dyslexia. d. Both Terence and Mindy have ADHD.

c. Terence has dyscalculia, whereas Mindy has dyslexia.

The old model of parent-adolescent relationships suggested that a. routine negotiations and minor disputes can serve the developmental function of helping adolescents make the transition from childhood dependency to adult independence. b. parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems while adolescents explore a wider and more complex social world. c. as adolescents mature, they detach themselves from parents and move into a world of autonomy apart from parents. d. in most families, parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe.

c. as adolescents mature, they detach themselves from parents and move into a world of autonomy apart from parents.

Chandler is a supportive, warm, and loving parent, but he also has high expectations of his children. He encourages independent and age-appropriate behavior from his children, and truly takes pleasure in watching them mature. Baumrind would classify him as a(n): a. indulgent parent. b. authoritarian parent. c. authoritative parent. d. neglectful parent.

c. authoritative parent.

The ________, where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence, and this improves adolescents' ability to process information. a. parietal lobe b. temporal lobe c. corpus callosum d. amygdala

c. corpus callosum

When her mother asks Ursula why she feels so sad, Ursula says it is because her best friend just lost her puppy. Ursula is exhibiting a. lack of perspective taking. b. guilt. c. empathy. d. correspondence.

c. empathy.

The ________ is a setting that is as similar as possible to the one in which children who do not have a disability are educated. a. least discriminating environment (LDE) b. special learning environment (SLE) c. least restrictive environment (LRE) d. ideal learning environment (ILE)

c. least restrictive environment (LRE)

A girl's first menstruation is called ________. a. adrenarche b. spermarche c. menarche d. gonadarche

c. menarche

Among the types of sociometric statuses, ________ and ________ children are infrequently nominated as someone's best friend. a. rejected; controversial b. neglected; controversial c. rejected; neglected d. rejected; average

c. rejected; neglected

The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is called: a. self-confidence. b. self-esteem. c. self-efficacy. d. self-concept.

c. self-efficacy.

Identify a characteristic of persons suffering from anorexia nervosa. a. consistently follow a binge-and-purge pattern b. an intense fear of losing weight that does not decrease with weight gain c. weight below 85 percent of what is considered normal for their age and height d. unconcerned about how others perceive them

c. weight below 85 percent of what is considered normal for their age and height

When adults are working with young children, they often provide a lot of hints, assistance, instructions, and other support to help the children succeed. As the children indicate that they can do more for themselves, the adults begin to withdraw their support. This shows the adults' involvement in the children's a. enhancement of intuitive reasoning. b. development of conservational abilities. c. zone of proximal development. d. process of centration.

c. zone of proximal development.

Puberty refers to a period of a. declining gross motor development during late childhood due to the maturation of the temporal and parietal lobes. b. declining abstract thought and emotional maturation during late adolescence involving neural and synaptic development in the brain. c. rapid psychological and emotional maturation that lasts through adolescence and is a product of enhanced cognitive development. d. rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occur primarily during early adolescence.

d. rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occur primarily during early adolescence.

Rachel can take sticks of different lengths and put them all in order from shortest to longest. She can also discern that if stick A is longer than B and B is longer than C, then A is longer than C. This ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions is: a. classification. b. seriation. c. transduction. d. transitivity.

d. transitivity.

During the elementary school years, children grow an average of ________ inches a year. a. one to two b. five to seven c. seven to ten d. two to three

d. two to three