Chapter 5
25) Which one of the following is TRUE? A) An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape. B) Enzymes work generally on a broad range of substrates. C) Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions. D) Enzymes emerge changed from the reactions they catalyze.
A) An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.
29) _________ occurs when a substance produced by a cell inhibits an enzyme required for synthesizing the substance. A) Feedback regulation B) Delayed inhibition C) Noncooperative inhibition D) Irreversible inhibition
A) Feedback regulation
51) Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings? A) active transport B) facilitated diffusion C) diffusion D) osmosis
A) active transport
81) TF:All biological membranes are selectively permeable.
False
78) TF:A chemical reaction catalyzed by an enzyme proceeds more rapidly than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme.
True
79) TF:All types of passive transport require a concentration gradient.
True
23) The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ________ site. A) active B) substrate C) enzymatic D) inactive
A) active
54) A process that requires energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called: A) active transport. B) passive transport. C) facilitated transport. D) osmosis
A) active transport
9) Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing ________. A) chemical energy into kinetic energy B) chemical energy into potential energy C) kinetic energy into potential energy D) kinetic energy into chemical energy
A) chemical energy into kinetic energy
42) When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ________. A) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration B) exhibit a net movement to the side with higher water concentration C) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower solute concentration D) exhibit an equal movement in both directions across the membrane
A) exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration
43) A cell that neither gains nor loses a net amount of water at equilibrium when it is immersed in a solution is ________. A) isotonic to its environment B) hypertonic to its environment C) hypotonic to its environment D) metabolically inactive
A) isotonic to its environment
28) Which one of the following is most similar to the mechanism of an enzyme inhibitor? A) keeping someone from parking by parking in their designated spot B) driving the wrong way on a one-way street C) forgetting to put a cap back on a pen D) changing the tires on a car
A) keeping someone from parking by parking in their designated spot
3) An object at rest has no ________ energy, but it may have ________ energy resulting from its location or structure. A) kinetic... potential B) kinetic... conserved C) potential... kinetic D) stored... potential
A) kinetic... potential
33) Passive membrane transport processes include ________. A) movement of a substance down its concentration gradient B) movement of water from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low concentration C) consumption of ATP D) the use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration
A) movement of a substance down its concentration gradient
60) A cell engulfing a relatively large particle will likely utilize ________. A) phagocytosis B) pinocytosis C) receptor-mediated endocytosis D) exocytosis
A) phagocytosis
5) A rock on the top of a mountain contains ________ energy. A) potential B) no C) kinetic D) conserved
A) potential
68) Molecules that come from the food we eat provide energy for the amazing work that goes on inside of our cells. This energy, stored inside of our food, is a form of ________. A) potential energy called chemical energy B) potential energy called entropy C) kinetic energy called heat D) electrical energy called heat
A) potential energy called chemical energy
53) Active transport processes: A) require cells to expend energy (ATP). B) move solutes down their concentration gradients. C) move solutes through the phospholipid bilayer without the use of membrane proteins. D) move solutes from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration.
A) require cells to expend energy (ATP).
16) Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely ________. A) result in cell death B) force the cell to rely on lipids for energy C) force the cell to rely on ADP for energy D) have no effect on the cell
A) result in cell death
22) Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme? sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose A) sucrose B) sucrase C) glucose D) fructose
A) sucrose
39) Osmosis can be defined as ________. A) the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane B) the diffusion of nonpolar molecules across a selectively permeable membrane C) active transport across a selectively permeable membrane D) the diffusion of a solute across a selectively permeable membrane
A) the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
11) Ten kilocalories are equivalent to ________ calories. A) 1,000 B) 10,000 C) 0.1 D) 100
B) 10,000
12) You have a 2-kg bottle of liquid water at 0°C. About how many Calories are needed to heat up the water to 100°C? A) 100 Calories B) 200 Calories C) 2,000 Calories D) 10,000 Calories
B) 200 Calories
71) Running burns approximately 600 Calories per hour. If you ate four hard-boiled eggs, how long would you have to run to burn them off? A) 10 minutes B) 30 minutes C) 60 minutes D) 120 minutes
B) 30 minutes
10) Humans convert approximately ________ of the energy stored in food to useful work. A) 22% B) 34% C) 55% D) 99.9%
B) 34%
13) What compound directly provides energy for cellular work? A) sugar B) ATP C) DNA D) fat
B) ATP
66) The figure below shows that ________. A) ADP can perform cellular work when it binds to an additional phosphate group B) ATP can perform cellular work when it releases a phosphate group C) ATP can be converted to ADP by adding a phosphate group D) energy is released from ATP during the process of cellular respiration
B) ATP can perform cellular work when it releases a phosphate group
64) On a lab bench, there are four balloons filled with identical volumes of different salt solutions: 0% (balloon A), 5% (balloon B), 10% (balloon C), and 15% (balloon D). There are also four beakers each filled with identical volumes of a 10% salt solution. The balloons are semi-permeable; that is, only water can enter and exit the balloon. All four balloons are placed in separate beakers at the same time and are allowed to come to equilibrium. Which is the correct order of balloon volumes at equilibrium, from largest to smallest? A) A > B > C > D B) D > C > B > A C) D > B > A > C D) All balloons will be of equal volume at equilibrium.
B) D > C > B > A
50) When a plant cell is submerged in a hypertonic solution, what is likely to occur? A) The cell will burst. B) Plasmolysis will cause the plasma membrane to detach from the cell wall. C) The cell will become flaccid. D) The cell will become turgid.
B) Plasmolysis will cause the plasma membrane to detach from the cell wall
49) A patient was involved a serious accident and lost a large quantity of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water—equal to the volume of blood lost—is added to the blood directly via one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood has become hypotonic compared to the cells. B) The patient's red blood cells will swell and possibly burst because the blood has become hypotonic compared to the cells. C) The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood has become hypertonic compared to the cells. D) The patient's red blood cells will burst because the blood has become hypertonic compared to the cells.
B) The patient's red blood cells will swell and possibly burst because the blood has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
4) The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ________. A) cellular respiration B) conservation of energy C) conservation of heat D) entropy
B) conservation of energy
27) Substances that plug up an enzyme's active site are ________. A) enzyme substrates B) enzyme inhibitors C) enzyme catalysts D) enzyme products
B) enzyme inhibitors
58) Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion? A) endocytosis B) exocytosis C) phagocytosis D) passive transport
B) exocytosis
67) Examine the cells below. Cells with a higher concentration of ions than the surrounding medium tend to ________. A) stay about the same size and shape B) expand C) shrink D) divide
B) expand
69) If a person eats one hard-boiled egg and digests the egg fully, cellular respiration will convert most of this energy into ________. A) ATP B) heat C) carbon dioxide D) sugars
B) heat
48) Cellular swelling is likely to occur when blood cells are immersed in: A) isotonic solutions. B) hypotonic solutions. C) more concentrated solutions. D) hypertonic solutions.
B) hypotonic solutions.
36) Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient. A) energy... down B) transport proteins... down C) energy and transport proteins... against D) transport proteins... against
B) transport proteins... down
14) When ATP releases some energy, it also releases inorganic phosphate. What happens to the inorganic phosphate in the cell? A) It is secreted as waste. B) It is used only to regenerate more ATP. C) It may be transferred onto other molecules in the cell to activate them. D) It enters the nucleus to be incorporated in a nucleotide.
C) It may be transferred onto other molecules in the cell to activate them.
7) You are riding on your bike and stop pedaling, coasting along the road. Eterm-5ventually, your bike slows down and stops. What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped? A) It was returned to the bicycle. B) It was converted back to chemical energy. C) It was released as heat. D) It was used to chemically break down the tires.
C) It was released as heat.
15) The energy stored in an ATP molecule is located in the ________ part of the molecule. A) adenine B) pentose sugar C) terminal phosphate group D) none of the above answers is correct
C) terminal phosphate group
74) What would be the best experiment to test the effectiveness of this anticancer drug system? A) Inject both sets of liposomes into a single healthy mouse and measure what happens to its blood ATP levels. B) Inject both sets of liposomes into a single mouse that has tumors and measure what happens to the size of the tumors. C) Inject both sets of liposomes into multiple healthy mice and measure what happens to their blood ATP levels. D) Inject both sets of liposomes into multiple mice that have tumors and measure what happens to the size of the tumors.
D) Inject both sets of liposomes into multiple mice that have tumors and measure what happens to the size of the tumors.
41) A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is TRUE? A) The solution in the beaker is hypertonic relative to the solution in the balloon. B) The solution in the balloon is isotonic; the solution in the beaker is hypertonic. C) The solution in the balloon is hypotonic relative to the solution in the beaker. D) The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker.
D) The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker.
73) Why did tumor size decrease in the Dox only experiment to a lesser extent than the Dox + ATP experiment? A) ATP is actually the drug that is killing the cancer cells, not Dox. B) Dox is always active in cancer cells, so it should be able to kill some cells without ATP. C) When ATP is lacking, not as much Dox can enter the cell via facilitated diffusion. D) There is some ATP in the cancer cells normally, which acts to activate Dox.
D) There is some ATP in the cancer cells normally, which acts to activate Dox.
52) Active transport ________. A) uses ATP as an energy source B) can move solutes against their concentration gradient C) can involve the transport of ions D) all of the answer options
D) all of the answer options
46) Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells? The animal cell is in ________. A) a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution B) an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypertonic solution C) a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonIMAGE ic solution D) an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution
D) an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution
47) In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ________. A) undergo plasmolysis B) become flaccid C) burst D) become turgid
D) become turgid
45) If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference? A) expulsion of water by the plant cell's central vacuole B) the relative impermeability of the plant cell membrane to water C) the relative impermeability of the plant cell wall to water D) the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall
D) the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall
80) TF:All types of passive transport require a membrane transport protein.
False- not all
76) TF:When plant cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, they undergo plasmolysis.
False-hypertonic
82) TF:Osmosis requires a semi-permeable membrane that does not permit passage of solute.
True
85-87) Osmosis is the movement of __________ from an area of ___________ solute concentration to an area of ___________ solute concentration.
water, low to high
95-96) On average, our bodies convert approximately ____% of our food energy into useful work. The rest of the energy generates ______.
34% the rest 66% is body heat
24) Which component of the following reaction is the substrate? sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose A) sucrose B) sucrase C) glucose D) fructose
A) sucrose
63) A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. What will happen when the balloon is submerged in the beaker? A) The volume of water in the beaker will decrease. B) The volume of water in the beaker will increase. C) The amount of glucose in the beaker will increase. D) The amount of glucose in the beaker will decrease.
A) The volume of water in the beaker will decrease.
31) Simple diffusion requires: A) a concentration gradient. B) the use of energy. C) protein channels. D) membrane proteins.
A) a concentration gradient.
62) Which of the following pairs of processes are functionally opposite? A) endocytosis and exocytosis B) phagocytosis and pinocytosis C) simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion D) osmosis and simple diffusion
A) endocytosis and exocytosis
8) Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system? A) entropy B) kinetic energy C) potential energy D) chemical energy
A) entropy
99) Food molecules such as glucose cannot be used directly as fuel for cells. Instead, the chemical energy in the food molecules is transferred to ______, which is then used to power cellular work.
ATP
1) What molecules are scientists currently trying to use to power nanotechnology devices, such as microscopic robots? A) DNA B) Enzymes C) Lipids D) Cell membranes
B) Enzymes
72) What statement regarding this data is TRUE? A) The weight of the tumors will not change if not treated with Dox or Dox + ATP. B) Tumor weight decreases when you add Dox only to cancer cells. C) Adding Dox only or Dox + ATP result in similar decreases in tumor weight. D) Dox is entering the cancer cells via endocytosis to induce cell death.
B) Tumor weight decreases when you add Dox only to cancer cells.
56) The force driving simple diffusion is ________, while the energy source for active transport is ________. A) a concentration gradient; ADP B) a concentration gradient; ATP hydrolysis C) transmembrane pumps; an electrochemical gradient D) phosphorylated carrier proteins; ATP
B) a concentration gradient; ATP hydrolysis
44) Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ________. A) is isotonic to the protozoan B) is hypotonic to the protozoan C) is hypertonic to the protozoan D) contains a higher concentration of solutes than the protozoan
B) is hypotonic to the protozoan
35) How is oxygen transported from air into the bloodstream? A) active transport B) passive transport C) receptor-mediated endocytosis D) phagocytosis E) osmosis
B) passive transport
61) A cell engulfing small amounts of extracellular fluid will likely utilize ________. A) phagocytosis B) pinocytosis C) receptor-mediated endocytosis D) exocytosis
B) pinocytosis
32) What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? A) large and hydrophobic B) small and hydrophobic C) large polar D) small and ionic
B) small and hydrophobic
2) What is energy? A) the capacity to cause movement B) the capacity to cause change C) a measure of calories D) a measure of disorder
B) the capacity to cause change
70) The amount of dietary Calories in one hard-boiled egg could raise the temperature of ________. A) 75 grams of water by 1 degree Celsius B) 750 grams of water by 1 degree Celsius C) 1,000 grams of water by 75 degrees Celsius D) 7,500 grams of water by 50 degrees Celsius
C) 1,000 grams of water by 75 degrees Celsius
20) Which one of the following is TRUE? A) Enzymes are the products in a chemical reaction. B) Enzymes are the reactants in a chemical reaction. C) Enzymes catalyze specific reactions. D) Enzymes' functions require inhibitors.
C) Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.
26) Which statement best describes enzyme function? A) One enzyme can work on thousands of different substrates. B) Enzymes can perform dehydration reactions only. C) Enzymes speed chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. D) Enzymes chemically alter both the reactants and products.
C) Enzymes speed chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
65) Which of the following molecules spontaneously form membranes when mixed in water and most likely were one of the first organic compounds formed on Earth? A) DNA B) Enzymes C) Phospholipids D) RNA
C) Phospholipids
6) Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? A) water rushing over Niagara Falls B) light flashes emitted by a firefly C) a molecule of glucose D) a crawling beetle foraging for food
C) a molecule of glucose
21) An enzyme's function is most dependent on its ________. A) pH B) temperature C) shape D) size
C) shape
57) When a person cries, tears are exported from cells through the process of ________. A) facilitated diffusion B) active transport C) endocytosis D) exocytosis
D) exocytosis
38) Movement of sodium ions across a plasma membrane requires a concentration gradient and a membrane transport protein. Which type of membrane transport is used to transport these sodium ions? A) simple diffusion B) active transport C) osmosis D) facilitated diffusion E) phagocytosis
D) facilitated diffusion
18) The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ________. A) hydrolysis B) cellular synthesis C) conservation of energy D) metabolism
D) metabolism
30) Diffusion is an example of ________. A) phagocytosis B) active transport C) endocytosis D) passive transport
D) passive transport
59) The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ________. A) osmosis B) diffusion C) exocytosis D) phagocytosis
D) phagocytosis
34) Diffusion ________. A) is the result of the potential energy of atoms B) requires an input of cellular energy C) occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated D) proceeds until equilibrium is reached
D) proceeds until equilibrium is reached
37) A substance moves by facilitated diffusion into a cell. What is required for its transport? A) neither ATP nor a transport protein B) ATP C) ATP and a transport protein D) transport protein
D) transport protein
75) TF: Osmosis requires ATP
False
77) TF:Facilitated diffusion is not a type of passive transport.
False
94) When a cell takes up droplets of extracellular fluid by endocytosis into membrane vesicles, this specific process is called _______.
Pinocytosis
90) The ___________ of an enzyme is the region that binds the substrate.
active site
93) A ________ is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
calorie
97) The specific type of potential energy present in food is _________ energy.
chemical energy
88) Red blood cells will shrivel when placed in a ______________ solution.
hypertonic solution
89) Formation of an enzyme-substrate complex often produces a shape change in the active site that allows it to bind the substrate more tightly. This shape change is known as an ____________.
induced fit
40) What is transported across a membrane during osmosis? A) water B) solutes C) salts D) sugars
A) water
19) Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ________. A) increasing the temperature of the substrates B) contributing electrons to the reaction C) decreasing activation energy D) changing the pH of the environment
C) decreasing activation energy
55) The sodium-potassium pump ________. A) moves potassium ions out of a cell and sodium ions into a cell while producing ATP B) moves potassium ions out of a cell and sodium ions into a cell using energy from ATP C) moves sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell using energy from ATP D) moves sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell while producing ATP
C) moves sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell using energy from ATP
17) Usually, enzymes are ________. A) fats B) steroids C) chemical reactions D) proteins
D) proteins
91) Whenever one type of energy is transformed into another, there is always some amount of _______ released by the reaction.
energy loss
83-84) _________ energy is the basic type of energy associated with motion. __________ energy is the basic type of energy associated with an object's location, structure or chemical composition.
mechanical & potential
92) The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ________________.
metabolism
98) _______ is a type of kinetic energy contained in the random motion of atoms and molecules.
thermal energy