Chapter 5-8 Test- Jazz Basics

Which ensemble mixes traditional jazz instruments with many types of percussion instruments in addition to other unusual instruments.

Art Ensemble of Chicago

______________ and ______________ are albums that reflect the Art Ensemble of Chicago's strong ties to Africa.

Art Ensemble of Soweto; America South Africa

Pianist ________ won every cutting contest he entered and was respected by his peers.

Art Tatum

Which cool school musician was influenced by classical music, having studied composition with Darius Milhaud?

Dave Brubeck

In Monk's playing on the recording Straight, No Chaser do you hear more use of dissonance or consonance?

Dissonance

John Coltrane's most commercially successful album was ___________, even though it was modal jazz with very aggressive playing.

My Favorite Things

______________ is the title of the album in which cool jazz was created and named.

The Birth of Cool

Cool school jazz is:

a more relaxed offshoot of bebop.

Elements of Clifford Brown's playing style include:

a rich tone combined with very fast tempos.

Some soul-oriented hard boppers have been accused of using blues and gospel styles to sell more records.

True

Stan Getz, though often associated with bebop, performed in a cool style.

True

How many solo choruses do you hear in the tune What Is This Thing Called Love?

11 total, including two chorus' of trading 8s/4s

_________ is a drummer who led a series of hard bop bands.

Art Blakey

Stan Getz incorporated Brazilian tunes into jazz. This style is called the ____________

Bossa Nova

Pianist ____________ is known for his extremely long performances with little or no relaxation in his very aggressive style.

Cecil Taylor

Who was the musician that often experimented with new musical ideas in the recording studio?

Charles Mingus

Miles Davis had his first big break with bebop saxophonist ____________

Charlie Parker

____________ is the title of the album Charlie Parker made with a small chamber orchestra.

Charlie Parker with Strings

The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians was based in which U.S. city?

Chicago

___________ improvisation was an important part of free jazz and avant-garde styles.

Collective

Comping is short for ___________

Complimenting

Which musician added nonsense vocals to bebop to increase audience appeal?

Dizzy Gillespie

Which instrumentalists are known for "dropping bombs"?

Drummers

Bebop is impossible to play in a large ensemble format.

False

Cecil Taylor was influenced mostly by rhythm and blues and early rock.

False

Cool school jazz was performed exclusively on the West Coast, whereas the East Coast heard only bebop.

False

Dizzy Gillespie was the only trumpet player who would work with Charlie Parker because his drug habit made him so difficult to work with.

False

Free jazz is usually very well organized and is often prearranged.

False

In bebop solo improvisations on the piano, the left hand handles most of the improvisation duties.

False

Jazz musicians choose to perform in the free jazz format because they lack improvisational skills.

False

Miles Davis did not have the technical facility to perform in the hard bop style.

False

The Modern Jazz Quartet embraced the drug culture yet managed to perform well together.

False

Vocalists immediately embraced the bebop style.

False

List three differences between swing and bebop.

Faster tempo, more complex harmony, new melodies/created lines

__________ is another style pioneered by Coleman that employs synthesizer loops and electronic sounds.

Free Funk

___________ is one of the most controversial jazz recordings ever made.

Free Jazz

Miles Davis worked with pianist and composer ________ to form a group that played in the cool school style.

Gil Evans

Which instrument did Jimmy Smith pioneer the use of in jazz?

Hammond B-3 organ

__________ was Sun Ra's birth name.

Herman Blount

Hard bop pianist ____________ was a good composer/arranger, a good band leader and a wonderful improviser.

Horace Silver

What is the unique feature of the tune Take Five?

It uses an unusual rhythmic pattern.

_________ & __________ developed new techniques for the trombone so they could improvise in the bebop style.

J.J. Johnson and Kai Winding

Ornette Coleman recorded the album Virgin Beauty with guitarist ___________ .

Jerry Garcia

"Sheets of sound" describes the improvisation style of which musician?

John Coltrane

For many musicians, the current jazz saxophone model is based on the playing style of ____________.

John Coltrane

Saxophonist ____________ performed cool jazz, modal jazz, hard bop and free jazz.

John Coltrane

What is the title of the first album that used modal improvisation?

Kind of Blue

____________ by _________ is the album viewed by jazz historians, critics, and fans as the greatest jazz album.

Kind of Blue; Miles Davis

In addition to performing frequently with bebop musicians, drummers __________ and __________ also recorded with the Miles Davis Nonet.

Max Roach; Kenny Clarke

Herbie Hancock recorded with the quintet of which artist?

Miles Davis

List the players who are featured in your recording of Masqualero.

Miles Davis, Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter, & Tony Williams

The technique of improvising over a set of agreed-upon pitches (rather than a series of chords) is called ________ improvisation.

Modal

Milt Jackson performed with the ________ Quartet and played the _______________.

Modern Jazz; Vibraphone

Bud Powell's instrument was the _______

Paino

What is Cecil Taylor's instrument?

Piano

Gerry Mulligan and Chet Baker formed a _________ Quartet

Pianoless

Why aren't there any bebop recordings from the early 1940s?

Recording Ban by Musicians' Union

Hard bop jazz that integrates blues and gospel music is called __________ or _________.

Soul Jazz; Funky Jazz

_________ is a band leader who mixed many styles of music and performed in outrageous costumes.

Sun Ra

What is the biggest trademark of Thelonious Monk's style of improvisation?

The use of silence paired with sudden musical outbursts.

Which bebop musician was featured on the cover of Time magazine?

Thelonious Monk

Why was the MJQ accused of using prearranged and written-out material?

There performances were so polished and professional, critics weren't convinced they were actually improvising.

Explain why some free jazz groups avoided using the piano and/or the guitar in their ensembles.

These instruments implied harmonies free jazz artist wanted to avoid.

The Jazz Messengers acted as a training ground for many young musicians.

True

Lambert, Hendricks and Ross often sang in:

Three-part Harmony

Bebop evolved in after-hours night clubs in New York City including Minton's and Monroe's.

True

Bebop improvisations are full of sudden shifts and surprises.

True

Bebop musicians employ a more complex harmonic language than swing musicians.

True

Bebop tends to use faster tempos than swing jazz.

True

Cecil Taylor makes use of 20th-century classical piano techniques.

True

Cool jazz, like bebop, focuses on improvisation.

True

Cool school jazz was often performed in more formal venues than the traditional nightclubs and dance halls of swing and bebop.

True

Cool style jazz is still a type of jazz actively performed today.

True

Dave Brubeck was popular among college students.

True

Economic considerations can explain some of the popularity of the Hammond B-3 organ among musicians.

True

European audiences are generally more receptive to free jazz than American audiences.

True

For many avant-garde musicians, their stage appearance was an integral part of the performance.

True

Free jazz performances rely on a great deal of spontaneous interplay between the musicians.

True

Hard bop tends to use the small combo format instead of the larger big band format.

True

John Coltrane viewed the free jazz style of playing as a more pure expression of his spirituality.

True

Most modern jazz styles have been influenced by bebop.

True

Most professional jazz musicians today are expected to be able to improvise in the bebop style, even if they often perform in other styles.

True

Ornette Coleman believed that he could improvise more freely playing instruments on which he had little or no training.

True

The hard bop style of jazz is actively performed today.

True

Wes Montgomery was influenced by Charlie Christian.

True

In addition to singing, Chet Baker played the __________

Trumpet

The singing style in which a word or syllable is written for every single note of a bebop recording is called

Vocalise

_____ is one of the most well-known hard bop guitarists to ever record.

Wes Montgomery

_____________ is known for performing pop tunes in the hard bop style.

Wes Montgomery

Ornette Coleman:

began his career playing rhythm and blues.

Saxophone player Charlie Parker influenced bebop musicians by:

his drug use; his amazing technical abilities; adding new chord changes in the middle of an improvisation

Miles Davis' playing style in Summertime is different from Dizzy Gillespie's style in Manteca. Miles Davis generally:

is more reserved.

What is unusual about the instrumentation on your recording of Lion for Lyons?

no paino

Horace Silver's main instrument is the:

piano

In free jazz, instrumentalists tend to:

play in a very harsh and aggressive manner.

Avant-garde:

refers to new and unconventional trends in the arts.