chapter 5 bone

Which of these is a component of a human's appendicular skeleton?

femur

Bone repair includes all of the following EXCEPT ________.

fibroblast production at the site of injury

Which kind of joint is essentially immovable?

fibrous joint

Steps in the repair of a bone fracture include (1) bone deposition by osteoblasts, (2) bone and debris removal by osteoclasts, (3) hematoma, and (4) formation of a fibrocartilage callus. In what order do these steps occur?

3-4-2-1

Which of the following statements about osteoblasts is true?

Osteoblasts produce the bony callus from the cartilaginous callus. Osteoblasts convert cartilage to bone.

What is a major function of the cartilage covering the ends of long bones?

The cartilage is for protection in areas of contact between two bones.

Secondary growth centers begin ________ and continue ________.

at about the time of birth; throughout childhood

What type of joint is found where the humerus joins the shoulder blade?

ball and socket

Osteocytes in compact bone remain in contact with each other via cytoplasmic extensions that extend through __________.

canaliculi

In the formation and development of bones within the fetus, which of these cell types functions earliest?

chondroblasts

Which of the following occurs first during bone development in the embryo?

chondroblasts die

The movement of the thumb to trace a circle might best be described as __________.

circumduction

Which of the following sequences represents the correct order of events in bone repair after a fracture?

formation of a blood clot, formation of a cartilaginous callus, formation of a bony callus

Which of the following actions occurs first during bone development?

formation of a cartilaginous model of the future bone

All of the following bones of the skull are stationary, EXCEPT the __________. a. frontal bone b. maxilla c. zygomatic bone d. mandible

mandible

All of the following bones form part of the eye socket, EXCEPT the __________.

occipital bone

Which of the following is an example of a cartilaginous joint?

pubic symphysis

During the process of bone repair, the function of fibroblasts is to invade and form ________.

During the process of bone repair, fibroblasts form a cartilaginous callus in the region of the damage.

The bony collar is formed by the ________.

osteoblasts, beginning at about the third prenatal

In an adult long bone, __________.

the shaft contains yellow marrow

Define the term hematoma.

Hematoma is a scientific term for a blood clot.

Hyaline cartilage is found in all of the following, EXCEPT __________. a. cartilaginous joints b. tendons and ligaments c. the ends of long bones d. embryonic structures that will become bone

b. tendons and ligaments

All of the following are functions of the skeleton, EXCEPT __________. a. regulation of blood cell production b. mineral storage c. support d. formation of red blood cells

a. regulation of blood cell production

Which of the following might result from a parathyroid tumor that causes oversecretion of parathyroid hormone?

bone loss due to stimulation of osteoclasts

The bones of trained athletes may be thicker and heavier than the bones of nonathletes because __________.

bone mass increases when bone is stressed

Which of the following would be likely to prevent or slow the bone loss of osteoporosis?

both stimulating the activity of osteoblasts and inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts

Cartilage discs between the vertebrae are composed of __________ and function __________.

fibrocartilage; as shock absorbers

What type of joint allows you to open and close your mouth?

hinge

What type of joint allows you to shake your head "no"?

pivot

Replacement of cartilage in the growth plate with bone tissue __________.

prevents further lengthening of the bone

Which part of a mature long bone is hollow, infiltrated by blood vessels, and forms dense, compact bone?

shaft